Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | substantiβam | om substantiβ |
2SG: | substantiβat | ot substantiβ |
3SG: | substantiβeš | ok/ogeš substantiβ |
1PL: | substantiβə̑na | ona/ogə̑na substantiβ |
2PL: | substantiβə̑da | oda/ogə̑da substantiβ |
3PL: | substantiβə̑t | ogə̑t substantiβ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | substantiβə̑m | šə̑m substantiβ |
2SG: | substantiβə̑č́ | šə̑č́ substantiβ |
3SG: | substantiβe | ə̑š substantiβ |
1PL: | substantiβna | ə̑šna substantiβ |
2PL: | substantiβda | ə̑šda substantiβ |
3PL: | substantiβə̑č́ | ə̑št substantiβ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | substantiβə̑nam | substantiβə̑n omə̑l |
2SG: | substantiβə̑nat | substantiβə̑n otə̑l |
3SG: | substantiβə̑n | substantiβə̑n ogə̑l |
1PL: | substantiβə̑nna | substantiβə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
2PL: | substantiβə̑nda | substantiβə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
3PL: | substantiβə̑nə̑t | substantiβə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | substantiβam ə̑l'e | om substantiβ ə̑l'e |
2SG: | substantiβat ə̑l'e | ot substantiβ ə̑l'e |
3SG: | substantiβeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš substantiβ ə̑l'e |
1PL: | substantiβə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na substantiβ ə̑l'e |
2PL: | substantiβə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da substantiβ ə̑l'e |
3PL: | substantiβə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t substantiβ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | substantiβam ulmaš | om substantiβ ulmaš |
2SG: | substantiβat ulmaš | ot substantiβ ulmaš |
3SG: | substantiβeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš substantiβ ulmaš |
1PL: | substantiβə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na substantiβ ulmaš |
2PL: | substantiβə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da substantiβ ulmaš |
3PL: | substantiβə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t substantiβ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | substantiβə̑nam ə̑l'e | substantiβə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
2SG: | substantiβə̑nat ə̑l'e | substantiβə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
3SG: | substantiβə̑n ə̑l'e | substantiβə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
1PL: | substantiβə̑nna ə̑l'e | substantiβə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
2PL: | substantiβə̑nda ə̑l'e | substantiβə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
3PL: | substantiβə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | substantiβə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | substantiβə̑nam ulmaš | substantiβə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
2SG: | substantiβə̑nat ulmaš | substantiβə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
3SG: | substantiβə̑n ulmaš | substantiβə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
1PL: | substantiβə̑nna ulmaš | substantiβə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
2PL: | substantiβə̑nda ulmaš | substantiβə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
3PL: | substantiβə̑nə̑t ulmaš | substantiβə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | substantiβ | it substantiβ |
3SG: | substantiβše | ə̑nže substantiβ |
1PL: | (substantiβə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na substantiβ) |
2PL: | substantiβsa | ida substantiβ |
3PL: | substantiβə̑št | ə̑nə̑št substantiβ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | substantiβnem | ə̑nem substantiβ |
2SG: | substantiβnet | ə̑net substantiβ |
3SG: | substantiβneže | ə̑než substantiβ |
1PL: | substantiβnena | ə̑nena substantiβ |
2PL: | substantiβneda | ə̑neda substantiβ |
3PL: | substantiβnešt | ə̑nešt substantiβ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | substantiβnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem substantiβ ə̑l'e |
2SG: | substantiβnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net substantiβ ə̑l'e |
3SG: | substantiβneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než substantiβ ə̑l'e |
1PL: | substantiβnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena substantiβ ə̑l'e |
2PL: | substantiβneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda substantiβ ə̑l'e |
3PL: | substantiβnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt substantiβ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | substantiβnet ulmaš | ə̑net substantiβ ulmaš |
3SG: | substantiβneže ulmaš | ə̑než substantiβ ulmaš |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | substantiβneda ulmaš | ə̑neda substantiβ ulmaš |
3PL: | substantiβnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt substantiβ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | substantiβaš |
Necessitive infinitive: | substantiβman |
Active participle: | substantiβše |
Passive participle: | substantiβme |
Future-necessitive participle: | substantiβšaš |
Negative participle: | substantiβdə̑me |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | substantiβə̑n |
Negative gerund: | substantiβde |
Gerund of prior action: | substantiβmek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | substantiβmeš(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | substantiβšə̑la |
Nominalization: | substantiβmaš |
Negative nominalization: | substantiβdə̑maš |