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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | toβa |
Genitive: | toβan |
Dative: | toβalan |
Accusative: | toβam |
Comparative: | toβala |
Comitative: | toβage |
Inessive: | toβaʃte |
Illative: | toβaʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toβaʃ |
1SG: | toβam |
2SG: | toβat |
3SG: | toβaʒ(e) |
1PL: | toβana |
2PL: | toβada |
3PL: | toβaʃt |
Plural (1): | toβa-βlak |
Plural (2): | toβa-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | toβala |
Sociative Plural: | toβamət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | toβam | toβa-βlak | toβa-βlakem, toβam-βlak |
Genitive: | toβamən | toβa-βlakən | toβa-βlakemən, toβam-βlakən |
Dative: | toβamlan, toβalanem | toβa-βlaklan | toβa-βlakemlan, toβam-βlaklan |
Accusative: | toβaməm | toβa-βlakəm | toβa-βlakeməm, toβam-βlakəm |
Comparative: | toβamla, toβalam | toβa-βlakla | toβa-βlakemla, toβam-βlakla |
Comitative: | toβamge | toβa-βlakge | toβa-βlakemge, toβam-βlakge |
Inessive: | toβaʃtem | toβa-βlakəʃte | toβa-βlakəʃtem, toβam-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | toβaʃkem | toβa-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβa-βlakəʃkem, toβam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toβaʃem | toβa-βlakeʃ | toβa-βlakeʃem, toβam-βlakeʃ |
The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
Last update: 8 June 2024 |