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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | tonːan |
Genitive: | tonːanən |
Dative: | tonːanlan |
Accusative: | tonːanəm |
Comparative: | tonːanla |
Comitative: | tonːange |
Inessive: | tonːanəʃte |
Illative: | tonːanəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | tonːaneʃ |
1SG: | tonːanem |
2SG: | tonːanet |
3SG: | tonːanʒe |
1PL: | tonːanːa |
2PL: | tonːanda |
3PL: | tonːanəʃt |
Plural (1): | tonːan-βlak |
Plural (2): | tonːan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | tonːanla |
Sociative Plural: | tonːanmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | tonːanem | tonːan-βlak | tonːan-βlakem, tonːanem-βlak |
Genitive: | tonːanemən | tonːan-βlakən | tonːan-βlakemən, tonːanem-βlakən |
Dative: | tonːanemlan, tonːanlanem | tonːan-βlaklan | tonːan-βlakemlan, tonːanem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | tonːaneməm | tonːan-βlakəm | tonːan-βlakeməm, tonːanem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | tonːanemla, tonːanlam | tonːan-βlakla | tonːan-βlakemla, tonːanem-βlakla |
Comitative: | tonːanemge | tonːan-βlakge | tonːan-βlakemge, tonːanem-βlakge |
Inessive: | tonːanəʃtem | tonːan-βlakəʃte | tonːan-βlakəʃtem, tonːanem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | tonːanəʃkem | tonːan-βlakəʃ(ke) | tonːan-βlakəʃkem, tonːanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | tonːaneʃem | tonːan-βlakeʃ | tonːan-βlakeʃem, tonːanem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |