Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | toʃkem | om toʃko |
2SG: | toʃket | ot toʃko |
3SG: | toʃka | ok/ogeʃ toʃko |
1PL: | toʃkena | ona/ogəna toʃko |
2PL: | toʃkeda | oda/ogəda toʃko |
3PL: | toʃkat | ogət toʃko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | toʃkəʃəm | ʃəm toʃko |
2SG: | toʃkəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toʃko |
3SG: | toʃkəʃ | əʃ toʃko |
1PL: | toʃkəʃna | əʃna toʃko |
2PL: | toʃkəʃda | əʃda toʃko |
3PL: | toʃkəʃt | əʃt toʃko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | toʃkenam | toʃken oməl |
2SG: | toʃkenat | toʃken otəl |
3SG: | toʃken | toʃken ogəl |
1PL: | toʃkenːa | toʃken onal/ogənal |
2PL: | toʃkenda | toʃken odal/ogədal |
3PL: | toʃkenət | toʃken ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | toʃkem əʎe | om toʃko əʎe |
2SG: | toʃket əʎe | ot toʃko əʎe |
3SG: | toʃka əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toʃko əʎe |
1PL: | toʃkena əʎe | ona/ogəna toʃko əʎe |
2PL: | toʃkeda əʎe | oda/ogəda toʃko əʎe |
3PL: | toʃkat əʎe | ogət toʃko əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | toʃkem ulmaʃ | om toʃko ulmaʃ |
2SG: | toʃket ulmaʃ | ot toʃko ulmaʃ |
3SG: | toʃka ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toʃko ulmaʃ |
1PL: | toʃkena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toʃko ulmaʃ |
2PL: | toʃkeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toʃko ulmaʃ |
3PL: | toʃkat ulmaʃ | ogət toʃko ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | toʃkenam əʎe | toʃken oməl əʎe |
2SG: | toʃkenat əʎe | toʃken otəl əʎe |
3SG: | toʃken əʎe | toʃken ogəl əʎe |
1PL: | toʃkenːa əʎe | toʃken onal/ogənal əʎe |
2PL: | toʃkenda əʎe | toʃken odal/ogədal əʎe |
3PL: | toʃken əʎe | toʃken ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | toʃkenam ulmaʃ | toʃken oməl ulmaʃ |
2SG: | toʃkenat ulmaʃ | toʃken otəl ulmaʃ |
3SG: | toʃken ulmaʃ | toʃken ogəl ulmaʃ |
1PL: | toʃkenːa ulmaʃ | toʃken onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
2PL: | toʃkenda ulmaʃ | toʃken odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
3PL: | toʃken ulmaʃ | toʃken ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | toʃko | it toʃko |
3SG: | toʃkəʒo | ənʒe toʃko |
1PL: | (toʃkena) | (ona/ogəna toʃko) |
2PL: | toʃkəza | ida toʃko |
3PL: | toʃkəʃt | ənəʃt toʃko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | toʃkənem | ənem toʃko |
2SG: | toʃkənet | ənet toʃko |
3SG: | toʃkəneʒe | əneʒ toʃko |
1PL: | toʃkənena | ənena toʃko |
2PL: | toʃkəneda | əneda toʃko |
3PL: | toʃkəneʃt | əneʃt toʃko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | toʃkənem əʎe | ənem toʃko əʎe |
2SG: | toʃkənena əʎe | ənet toʃko əʎe |
3SG: | toʃkəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toʃko əʎe |
1PL: | toʃkənena əʎe | ənena toʃko əʎe |
2PL: | toʃkəneda əʎe | əneda toʃko əʎe |
3PL: | toʃkəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toʃko əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | toʃkənet ulmaʃ | ənet toʃko ulmaʃ |
3SG: | toʃkəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toʃko ulmaʃ |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | toʃkəneda ulmaʃ | əneda toʃko ulmaʃ |
3PL: | toʃkəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toʃko ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | toʃkaʃ |
Necessitive infinitive: | toʃkəman |
Active participle: | toʃkəʃo |
Passive participle: | toʃkəmo |
Future-necessitive participle: | toʃkəʃaʃ |
Negative participle: | toʃkədəmo |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | toʃken |
Negative gerund: | toʃkəde |
Gerund of prior action: | toʃkəmek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | toʃkəmeʃ(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | toʃkəʃəla |
Nominalization: | toʃkəmaʃ |
Negative nominalization: | toʃkədəmaʃ |