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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am) |
Genitive: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)ən |
Dative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)lan |
Accusative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)əm |
Comparative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)la |
Comitative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)ge |
Inessive: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)əʃte |
Illative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)əʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jeʃ |
1SG: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem |
2SG: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jet |
3SG: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)ʒe |
1PL: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)na |
2PL: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)da |
3PL: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)əʃt |
Plural (1): | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlak |
Plural (2): | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)la |
Sociative Plural: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)mət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlak | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakem, toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem-βlak |
Genitive: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jemən | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakən | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakemən, toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem-βlakən |
Dative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jemlan, toʃtemaʃ (-am)lanem | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlaklan | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakemlan, toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jeməm | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakəm | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakeməm, toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jemla, toʃtemaʃ (-am)lam | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakla | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakemla, toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem-βlakla |
Comitative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jemge | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakge | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakemge, toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem-βlakge |
Inessive: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)əʃtem | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃte | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃtem, toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)əʃkem | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃkem, toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toʃtemaʃ (-am)jeʃem | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃ | toʃtemaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃem, toʃtemaʃ (-am)jem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |