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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | toʃteŋer |
Genitive: | toʃteŋerən |
Dative: | toʃteŋerlan |
Accusative: | toʃteŋerəm |
Comparative: | toʃteŋerla |
Comitative: | toʃteŋerge |
Inessive: | toʃteŋerəʃte |
Illative: | toʃteŋerəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toʃteŋereʃ |
1SG: | toʃteŋerem |
2SG: | toʃteŋeret |
3SG: | toʃteŋerʒe |
1PL: | toʃteŋerna |
2PL: | toʃteŋerda |
3PL: | toʃteŋerəʃt |
Plural (1): | toʃteŋer-βlak |
Plural (2): | toʃteŋer-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | toʃteŋerla |
Sociative Plural: | toʃteŋermət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | toʃteŋerem | toʃteŋer-βlak | toʃteŋer-βlakem, toʃteŋerem-βlak |
Genitive: | toʃteŋeremən | toʃteŋer-βlakən | toʃteŋer-βlakemən, toʃteŋerem-βlakən |
Dative: | toʃteŋeremlan, toʃteŋerlanem | toʃteŋer-βlaklan | toʃteŋer-βlakemlan, toʃteŋerem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | toʃteŋereməm | toʃteŋer-βlakəm | toʃteŋer-βlakeməm, toʃteŋerem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | toʃteŋeremla, toʃteŋerlam | toʃteŋer-βlakla | toʃteŋer-βlakemla, toʃteŋerem-βlakla |
Comitative: | toʃteŋeremge | toʃteŋer-βlakge | toʃteŋer-βlakemge, toʃteŋerem-βlakge |
Inessive: | toʃteŋerəʃtem | toʃteŋer-βlakəʃte | toʃteŋer-βlakəʃtem, toʃteŋerem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | toʃteŋerəʃkem | toʃteŋer-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃteŋer-βlakəʃkem, toʃteŋerem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toʃteŋereʃem | toʃteŋer-βlakeʃ | toʃteŋer-βlakeʃem, toʃteŋerem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |