Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tupkem | om tupko |
2SG: | tupket | ot tupko |
3SG: | tupka | ok/ogeš tupko |
1PL: | tupkena | ona/ogə̑na tupko |
2PL: | tupkeda | oda/ogə̑da tupko |
3PL: | tupkat | ogə̑t tupko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tupkə̑šə̑m | šə̑m tupko |
2SG: | tupkə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ tupko |
3SG: | tupkə̑š | ə̑š tupko |
1PL: | tupkə̑šna | ə̑šna tupko |
2PL: | tupkə̑šda | ə̑šda tupko |
3PL: | tupkə̑št | ə̑št tupko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tupkenam | tupken omə̑l |
2SG: | tupkenat | tupken otə̑l |
3SG: | tupken | tupken ogə̑l |
1PL: | tupkenna | tupken onal/ogə̑nal |
2PL: | tupkenda | tupken odal/ogə̑dal |
3PL: | tupkenə̑t | tupken ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tupkem ə̑l'e | om tupko ə̑l'e |
2SG: | tupket ə̑l'e | ot tupko ə̑l'e |
3SG: | tupka ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš tupko ə̑l'e |
1PL: | tupkena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na tupko ə̑l'e |
2PL: | tupkeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da tupko ə̑l'e |
3PL: | tupkat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t tupko ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tupkem ulmaš | om tupko ulmaš |
2SG: | tupket ulmaš | ot tupko ulmaš |
3SG: | tupka ulmaš | ok/ogeš tupko ulmaš |
1PL: | tupkena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na tupko ulmaš |
2PL: | tupkeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da tupko ulmaš |
3PL: | tupkat ulmaš | ogə̑t tupko ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tupkenam ə̑l'e | tupken omə̑l ə̑l'e |
2SG: | tupkenat ə̑l'e | tupken otə̑l ə̑l'e |
3SG: | tupken ə̑l'e | tupken ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
1PL: | tupkenna ə̑l'e | tupken onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
2PL: | tupkenda ə̑l'e | tupken odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
3PL: | tupken ə̑l'e | tupken ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tupkenam ulmaš | tupken omə̑l ulmaš |
2SG: | tupkenat ulmaš | tupken otə̑l ulmaš |
3SG: | tupken ulmaš | tupken ogə̑l ulmaš |
1PL: | tupkenna ulmaš | tupken onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
2PL: | tupkenda ulmaš | tupken odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
3PL: | tupken ulmaš | tupken ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | tupko | it tupko |
3SG: | tupkə̑žo | ə̑nže tupko |
1PL: | (tupkena) | (ona/ogə̑na tupko) |
2PL: | tupkə̑za | ida tupko |
3PL: | tupkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št tupko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tupkə̑nem | ə̑nem tupko |
2SG: | tupkə̑net | ə̑net tupko |
3SG: | tupkə̑neže | ə̑než tupko |
1PL: | tupkə̑nena | ə̑nena tupko |
2PL: | tupkə̑neda | ə̑neda tupko |
3PL: | tupkə̑nešt | ə̑nešt tupko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tupkə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem tupko ə̑l'e |
2SG: | tupkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net tupko ə̑l'e |
3SG: | tupkə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než tupko ə̑l'e |
1PL: | tupkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena tupko ə̑l'e |
2PL: | tupkə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda tupko ə̑l'e |
3PL: | tupkə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt tupko ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | tupkə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net tupko ulmaš |
3SG: | tupkə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než tupko ulmaš |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | tupkə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda tupko ulmaš |
3PL: | tupkə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt tupko ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | tupkaš |
Necessitive infinitive: | tupkə̑man |
Active participle: | tupkə̑šo |
Passive participle: | tupkə̑mo |
Future-necessitive participle: | tupkə̑šaš |
Negative participle: | tupkə̑də̑mo |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | tupken |
Negative gerund: | tupkə̑de |
Gerund of prior action: | tupkə̑mek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | tupkə̑meš(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | tupkə̑šə̑la |
Nominalization: | tupkə̑maš |
Negative nominalization: | tupkə̑də̑maš |