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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | tupəɲ |
Genitive: | tupəɲən |
Dative: | tupəɲlan |
Accusative: | tupəɲəm |
Comparative: | tupəɲla |
Comitative: | tupəɲge |
Inessive: | tupəɲəʃto |
Illative: | tupəɲəʃ(ko) |
Lative: | tupəɲeʃ |
1SG: | tupəɲem |
2SG: | tupəɲet |
3SG: | tupəɲʒo |
1PL: | tupəɲna |
2PL: | tupəɲda |
3PL: | tupəɲəʃt |
Plural (1): | tupəɲ-βlak |
Plural (2): | tupəɲ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | tupəɲla |
Sociative Plural: | tupəɲmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | tupəɲem | tupəɲ-βlak | tupəɲ-βlakem, tupəɲem-βlak |
Genitive: | tupəɲemən | tupəɲ-βlakən | tupəɲ-βlakemən, tupəɲem-βlakən |
Dative: | tupəɲemlan, tupəɲlanem | tupəɲ-βlaklan | tupəɲ-βlakemlan, tupəɲem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | tupəɲeməm | tupəɲ-βlakəm | tupəɲ-βlakeməm, tupəɲem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | tupəɲemla, tupəɲlam | tupəɲ-βlakla | tupəɲ-βlakemla, tupəɲem-βlakla |
Comitative: | tupəɲemge | tupəɲ-βlakge | tupəɲ-βlakemge, tupəɲem-βlakge |
Inessive: | tupəɲəʃtem | tupəɲ-βlakəʃte | tupəɲ-βlakəʃtem, tupəɲem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | tupəɲəʃkem | tupəɲ-βlakəʃ(ke) | tupəɲ-βlakəʃkem, tupəɲem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | tupəɲeʃem | tupəɲ-βlakeʃ | tupəɲ-βlakeʃem, tupəɲem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |