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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | töpas |
Genitive: | töpasə̑n |
Dative: | töpaslan |
Accusative: | töpasə̑m |
Comparative: | töpasla |
Comitative: | töpasge |
Inessive: | töpasə̑šte |
Illative: | töpasə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | töpaseš |
1SG: | töpasem |
2SG: | töpaset |
3SG: | töpasše |
1PL: | töpasna |
2PL: | töpasda |
3PL: | töpasə̑št |
Plural (1): | töpas-βlak |
Plural (2): | töpas-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | töpasla |
Sociative Plural: | töpasmə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | töpasem | töpas-βlak | töpas-βlakem, töpasem-βlak |
Genitive: | töpasemə̑n | töpas-βlakə̑n | töpas-βlakemə̑n, töpasem-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | töpasemlan, töpaslanem | töpas-βlaklan | töpas-βlakemlan, töpasem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | töpasemə̑m | töpas-βlakə̑m | töpas-βlakemə̑m, töpasem-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | töpasemla, töpaslam | töpas-βlakla | töpas-βlakemla, töpasem-βlakla |
Comitative: | töpasemge | töpas-βlakge | töpas-βlakemge, töpasem-βlakge |
Inessive: | töpasə̑štem | töpas-βlakə̑šte | töpas-βlakə̑štem, töpasem-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | töpasə̑škem | töpas-βlakə̑š(ke) | töpas-βlakə̑škem, töpasem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | töpasešem | töpas-βlakeš | töpas-βlakešem, töpasem-βlakeš |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |