Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mem | om č́opkə̑mo |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑met | ot č́opkə̑mo |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑ma | ok/ogeš č́opkə̑mo |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mena | ona/ogə̑na č́opkə̑mo |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑meda | oda/ogə̑da č́opkə̑mo |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mat | ogə̑t č́opkə̑mo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑šə̑m | šə̑m č́opkə̑mo |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ č́opkə̑mo |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑š | ə̑š č́opkə̑mo |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑šna | ə̑šna č́opkə̑mo |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑šda | ə̑šda č́opkə̑mo |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑št | ə̑št č́opkə̑mo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑menam | č́opkə̑men omə̑l |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑menat | č́opkə̑men otə̑l |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑men | č́opkə̑men ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑menna | č́opkə̑men onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑menda | č́opkə̑men odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑menə̑t | č́opkə̑men ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mem ə̑l'e | om č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑met ə̑l'e | ot č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑ma ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑meda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mem ulmaš | om č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑met ulmaš | ot č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑ma ulmaš | ok/ogeš č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑meda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mat ulmaš | ogə̑t č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑menam ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑men omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑menat ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑men otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑men ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑men ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑menna ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑men onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑menda ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑men odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑men ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑men ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑menam ulmaš | č́opkə̑men omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑menat ulmaš | č́opkə̑men otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑men ulmaš | č́opkə̑men ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑menna ulmaš | č́opkə̑men onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑menda ulmaš | č́opkə̑men odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑men ulmaš | č́opkə̑men ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mo | it č́opkə̑mo |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑žo | ə̑nže č́opkə̑mo |
| 1PL: | (č́opkə̑mena) | (ona/ogə̑na č́opkə̑mo) |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑za | ida č́opkə̑mo |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑št | ə̑nə̑št č́opkə̑mo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑nem | ə̑nem č́opkə̑mo |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑net | ə̑net č́opkə̑mo |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑neže | ə̑než č́opkə̑mo |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nena | ə̑nena č́opkə̑mo |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑neda | ə̑neda č́opkə̑mo |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nešt | ə̑nešt č́opkə̑mo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt č́opkə̑mo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt č́opkə̑mo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | č́opkə̑maš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | č́opkə̑mə̑man |
| Active participle: | č́opkə̑mə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | č́opkə̑mə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | č́opkə̑mə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | č́opkə̑mə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | č́opkə̑men |
| Negative gerund: | č́opkə̑mə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | č́opkə̑mə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | č́opkə̑mə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | č́opkə̑mə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | č́opkə̑mə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | č́opkə̑mə̑də̑maš |
