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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | ʃopka |
Genitive: | ʃopkan |
Dative: | ʃopkalan |
Accusative: | ʃopkam |
Comparative: | ʃopkala |
Comitative: | ʃopkage |
Inessive: | ʃopkaʃte |
Illative: | ʃopkaʃ(ke) |
Lative: | ʃopkaʃ |
1SG: | ʃopkam |
2SG: | ʃopkat |
3SG: | ʃopkaʒ(e) |
1PL: | ʃopkana |
2PL: | ʃopkada |
3PL: | ʃopkaʃt |
Plural (1): | ʃopka-βlak |
Plural (2): | ʃopka-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | ʃopkala |
Sociative Plural: | ʃopkamət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | ʃopkam | ʃopka-βlak | ʃopka-βlakem, ʃopkam-βlak |
Genitive: | ʃopkamən | ʃopka-βlakən | ʃopka-βlakemən, ʃopkam-βlakən |
Dative: | ʃopkamlan, ʃopkalanem | ʃopka-βlaklan | ʃopka-βlakemlan, ʃopkam-βlaklan |
Accusative: | ʃopkaməm | ʃopka-βlakəm | ʃopka-βlakeməm, ʃopkam-βlakəm |
Comparative: | ʃopkamla, ʃopkalam | ʃopka-βlakla | ʃopka-βlakemla, ʃopkam-βlakla |
Comitative: | ʃopkamge | ʃopka-βlakge | ʃopka-βlakemge, ʃopkam-βlakge |
Inessive: | ʃopkaʃtem | ʃopka-βlakəʃte | ʃopka-βlakəʃtem, ʃopkam-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | ʃopkaʃkem | ʃopka-βlakəʃ(ke) | ʃopka-βlakəʃkem, ʃopkam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | ʃopkaʃem | ʃopka-βlakeʃ | ʃopka-βlakeʃem, ʃopkam-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |