Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ● Nominal ○ Verb ○ Postposition
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.


Case Suffixes

Nominative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)
Genitive:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ə̑n
Dative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)lan
Accusative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ə̑m
Comparative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)la
Comitative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ge
Inessive:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ə̑šte
Illative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ə̑š(ke)
Lative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ješ

Possessive Suffixes

1SG:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem
2SG:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jet
3SG:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)že
1PL:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)na
2PL:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)da
3PL:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ə̑št

Number Suffixes

Plural (1):βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlak
Plural (2):βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-šamə̑č́
Short Plural:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)la
Sociative Plural:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)mə̑t

Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)

For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.

CaseCx + PxCx + NxCx + Px + Nx
Nominative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jemβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakem,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem-βlak
Genitive:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jemə̑nβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakə̑nβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakemə̑n,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑n
Dative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jemlan,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)lanem
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlaklanβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakemlan,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem-βlaklan
Accusative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jemə̑mβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakə̑mβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakemə̑m,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑m
Comparative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jemla,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)lam
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlaklaβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakemla,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem-βlakla
Comitative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jemgeβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakgeβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakemge,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem-βlakge
Inessive:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ə̑štemβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakə̑šteβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakə̑štem,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑šte
Illative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ə̑škemβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakə̑š(ke)βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakə̑škem,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑š(ke)
Lative:βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)ješemβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakešβesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)-βlakešem,
βesə̑naŋdaš (-jem)jem-βlakeš


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Last update: 11 September 2024
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