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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βit͡ɕijam | om βit͡ɕij |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijat | ot βit͡ɕij |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijeʃ | ok/ogeʃ βit͡ɕij |
| 1PL: | βit͡ɕijəna | ona/ogəna βit͡ɕij |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijəda | oda/ogəda βit͡ɕij |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijət | ogət βit͡ɕij |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βit͡ɕijəm | ʃəm βit͡ɕij |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ βit͡ɕij |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕije | əʃ βit͡ɕij |
| 1PL: | βit͡ɕijna | əʃna βit͡ɕij |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijda | əʃda βit͡ɕij |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijət͡ɕ | əʃt βit͡ɕij |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βit͡ɕijənam | βit͡ɕijən oməl |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijənat | βit͡ɕijən otəl |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijən | βit͡ɕijən ogəl |
| 1PL: | βit͡ɕijənːa | βit͡ɕijən onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijənda | βit͡ɕijən odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijənət | βit͡ɕijən ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βit͡ɕijam əʎe | om βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijat əʎe | ot βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijeʃ əʎe | ok/ogeʃ βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 1PL: | βit͡ɕijəna əʎe | ona/ogəna βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijəda əʎe | oda/ogəda βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijət əʎe | ogət βit͡ɕij əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βit͡ɕijam ulmaʃ | om βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijat ulmaʃ | ot βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijeʃ ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | βit͡ɕijəna ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijəda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijət ulmaʃ | ogət βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βit͡ɕijənam əʎe | βit͡ɕijən oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijənat əʎe | βit͡ɕijən otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijən əʎe | βit͡ɕijən ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | βit͡ɕijənːa əʎe | βit͡ɕijən onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijənda əʎe | βit͡ɕijən odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijənət əʎe | βit͡ɕijən ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βit͡ɕijənam ulmaʃ | βit͡ɕijən oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijənat ulmaʃ | βit͡ɕijən otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijən ulmaʃ | βit͡ɕijən ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | βit͡ɕijənːa ulmaʃ | βit͡ɕijən onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijənda ulmaʃ | βit͡ɕijən odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijənət ulmaʃ | βit͡ɕijən ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕij | it βit͡ɕij |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijʒe | ənʒe βit͡ɕij |
| 1PL: | (βit͡ɕijəna) | (ona/ogəna βit͡ɕij) |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijza | ida βit͡ɕij |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijəʃt | ənəʃt βit͡ɕij |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βit͡ɕijnem | ənem βit͡ɕij |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijnet | ənet βit͡ɕij |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijneʒe | əneʒ βit͡ɕij |
| 1PL: | βit͡ɕijnena | ənena βit͡ɕij |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijneda | əneda βit͡ɕij |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijneʃt | əneʃt βit͡ɕij |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βit͡ɕijnem əʎe | ənem βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijnena əʎe | ənet βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijneʒe əʎe | əneʒ βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 1PL: | βit͡ɕijnena əʎe | ənena βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijneda əʎe | əneda βit͡ɕij əʎe |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijneʃt əʎe | əneʃt βit͡ɕij əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βit͡ɕijnet ulmaʃ | ənet βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βit͡ɕijneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βit͡ɕijneda ulmaʃ | əneda βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βit͡ɕijneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt βit͡ɕij ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βit͡ɕijaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βit͡ɕijman |
| Active participle: | βit͡ɕijʃe |
| Passive participle: | βit͡ɕijme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βit͡ɕijʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | βit͡ɕijdəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βit͡ɕijən |
| Negative gerund: | βit͡ɕijde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βit͡ɕijmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βit͡ɕijmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βit͡ɕijʃəla |
| Nominalization: | βit͡ɕijmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | βit͡ɕijdəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||