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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βonč́altam | om βonč́alt |
| 2SG: | βonč́altat | ot βonč́alt |
| 3SG: | βonč́alteš | ok/ogeš βonč́alt |
| 1PL: | βonč́altə̑na | ona/ogə̑na βonč́alt |
| 2PL: | βonč́altə̑da | oda/ogə̑da βonč́alt |
| 3PL: | βonč́altə̑t | ogə̑t βonč́alt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βonč́altə̑m | šə̑m βonč́alt |
| 2SG: | βonč́altə̑č́ | šə̑č́ βonč́alt |
| 3SG: | βonč́alte | ə̑š βonč́alt |
| 1PL: | βonč́altna | ə̑šna βonč́alt |
| 2PL: | βonč́altda | ə̑šda βonč́alt |
| 3PL: | βonč́altə̑č́ | ə̑št βonč́alt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βonč́altə̑nam | βonč́altə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | βonč́altə̑nat | βonč́altə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | βonč́altə̑n | βonč́altə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | βonč́altə̑nna | βonč́altə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | βonč́altə̑nda | βonč́altə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | βonč́altə̑nə̑t | βonč́altə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βonč́altam ə̑l'e | om βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βonč́altat ə̑l'e | ot βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βonč́alteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βonč́altə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βonč́altə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βonč́altə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βonč́altam ulmaš | om βonč́alt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βonč́altat ulmaš | ot βonč́alt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βonč́alteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš βonč́alt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βonč́altə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na βonč́alt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βonč́altə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da βonč́alt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βonč́altə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t βonč́alt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βonč́altə̑nam ə̑l'e | βonč́altə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βonč́altə̑nat ə̑l'e | βonč́altə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βonč́altə̑n ə̑l'e | βonč́altə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βonč́altə̑nna ə̑l'e | βonč́altə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βonč́altə̑nda ə̑l'e | βonč́altə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βonč́altə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | βonč́altə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βonč́altə̑nam ulmaš | βonč́altə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βonč́altə̑nat ulmaš | βonč́altə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βonč́altə̑n ulmaš | βonč́altə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βonč́altə̑nna ulmaš | βonč́altə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βonč́altə̑nda ulmaš | βonč́altə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βonč́altə̑nə̑t ulmaš | βonč́altə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βonč́alt | it βonč́alt |
| 3SG: | βonč́altše | ə̑nže βonč́alt |
| 1PL: | (βonč́altə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na βonč́alt) |
| 2PL: | βonč́altsa | ida βonč́alt |
| 3PL: | βonč́altə̑št | ə̑nə̑št βonč́alt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βonč́altnem | ə̑nem βonč́alt |
| 2SG: | βonč́altnet | ə̑net βonč́alt |
| 3SG: | βonč́altneže | ə̑než βonč́alt |
| 1PL: | βonč́altnena | ə̑nena βonč́alt |
| 2PL: | βonč́altneda | ə̑neda βonč́alt |
| 3PL: | βonč́altnešt | ə̑nešt βonč́alt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βonč́altnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βonč́altnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βonč́altneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βonč́altnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βonč́altneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βonč́altnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt βonč́alt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βonč́altnet ulmaš | ə̑net βonč́alt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βonč́altneže ulmaš | ə̑než βonč́alt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βonč́altneda ulmaš | ə̑neda βonč́alt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βonč́altnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt βonč́alt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βonč́altaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βonč́altman |
| Active participle: | βonč́altše |
| Passive participle: | βonč́altme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βonč́altšaš |
| Negative participle: | βonč́altdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βonč́altə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | βonč́altde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βonč́altmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βonč́altmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βonč́altšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | βonč́altmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | βonč́altdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||