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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kupt͡ɕəβam | om kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβat | ot kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβeʃ | ok/ogeʃ kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 1PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːna | ona/ogəna kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːda | oda/ogəda kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːt | ogət kupt͡ɕəβe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kupt͡ɕəβeəm | ʃəm kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβeət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβeje | əʃ kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 1PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəna | əʃna kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəda | əʃda kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβeət͡ɕ | əʃt kupt͡ɕəβe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnam | kupt͡ɕəβəːn oməl |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnat | kupt͡ɕəβəːn otəl |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəːn | kupt͡ɕəβəːn ogəl |
| 1PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnːa | kupt͡ɕəβəːn onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnda | kupt͡ɕəβəːn odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnət | kupt͡ɕəβəːn ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kupt͡ɕəβam əʎe | om kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβat əʎe | ot kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβeʃ əʎe | ok/ogeʃ kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 1PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːna əʎe | ona/ogəna kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːda əʎe | oda/ogəda kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːt əʎe | ogət kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kupt͡ɕəβam ulmaʃ | om kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβat ulmaʃ | ot kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβeʃ ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːna ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːt ulmaʃ | ogət kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnam əʎe | kupt͡ɕəβəːn oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnat əʎe | kupt͡ɕəβəːn otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəːn əʎe | kupt͡ɕəβəːn ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnːa əʎe | kupt͡ɕəβəːn onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnda əʎe | kupt͡ɕəβəːn odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnət əʎe | kupt͡ɕəβəːn ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnam ulmaʃ | kupt͡ɕəβəːn oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnat ulmaʃ | kupt͡ɕəβəːn otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəːn ulmaʃ | kupt͡ɕəβəːn ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnːa ulmaʃ | kupt͡ɕəβəːn onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnda ulmaʃ | kupt͡ɕəβəːn odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəːnət ulmaʃ | kupt͡ɕəβəːn ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβe | it kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəʒe | ənʒe kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 1PL: | (kupt͡ɕəβəːna) | (ona/ogəna kupt͡ɕəβe) |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəza | ida kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəʃt | ənəʃt kupt͡ɕəβe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kupt͡ɕəβənem | ənem kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβənet | ənet kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəneʒe | əneʒ kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 1PL: | kupt͡ɕəβənena | ənena kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəneda | əneda kupt͡ɕəβe |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəneʃt | əneʃt kupt͡ɕəβe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kupt͡ɕəβənem əʎe | ənem kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβənena əʎe | ənet kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 1PL: | kupt͡ɕəβənena əʎe | ənena kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəneda əʎe | əneda kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt kupt͡ɕəβe əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kupt͡ɕəβənet ulmaʃ | ənet kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kupt͡ɕəβəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəneda ulmaʃ | əneda kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kupt͡ɕəβəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt kupt͡ɕəβe ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kupt͡ɕəβaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kupt͡ɕəβəman |
| Active participle: | kupt͡ɕəβəʃe |
| Passive participle: | kupt͡ɕəβəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kupt͡ɕəβəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | kupt͡ɕəβədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kupt͡ɕəβəːn |
| Negative gerund: | kupt͡ɕəβəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kupt͡ɕəβəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kupt͡ɕəβəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kupt͡ɕəβəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | kupt͡ɕəβəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | kupt͡ɕəβədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||