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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kypʃaka |
Genitive: | kypʃakan |
Dative: | kypʃakalan |
Accusative: | kypʃakam |
Comparative: | kypʃakala |
Comitative: | kypʃakage |
Inessive: | kypʃakaʃte |
Illative: | kypʃakaʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kypʃakaʃ |
1SG: | kypʃakam |
2SG: | kypʃakat |
3SG: | kypʃakaʒ(e) |
1PL: | kypʃakana |
2PL: | kypʃakada |
3PL: | kypʃakaʃt |
Plural (1): | kypʃaka-βlak |
Plural (2): | kypʃaka-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | kypʃakala |
Sociative Plural: | kypʃakamət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kypʃakam | kypʃaka-βlak | kypʃaka-βlakem, kypʃakam-βlak |
Genitive: | kypʃakamən | kypʃaka-βlakən | kypʃaka-βlakemən, kypʃakam-βlakən |
Dative: | kypʃakamlan, kypʃakalanem | kypʃaka-βlaklan | kypʃaka-βlakemlan, kypʃakam-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kypʃakaməm | kypʃaka-βlakəm | kypʃaka-βlakeməm, kypʃakam-βlakəm |
Comparative: | kypʃakamla, kypʃakalam | kypʃaka-βlakla | kypʃaka-βlakemla, kypʃakam-βlakla |
Comitative: | kypʃakamge | kypʃaka-βlakge | kypʃaka-βlakemge, kypʃakam-βlakge |
Inessive: | kypʃakaʃtem | kypʃaka-βlakəʃte | kypʃaka-βlakəʃtem, kypʃakam-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | kypʃakaʃkem | kypʃaka-βlakəʃ(ke) | kypʃaka-βlakəʃkem, kypʃakam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kypʃakaʃem | kypʃaka-βlakeʃ | kypʃaka-βlakeʃem, kypʃakam-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |