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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | obstanoβkam | om obstanoβko |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkat | ot obstanoβko |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkeš | ok/ogeš obstanoβko |
| 1PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑na | ona/ogə̑na obstanoβko |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑da | oda/ogə̑da obstanoβko |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑t | ogə̑t obstanoβko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | obstanoβkoə̑m | šə̑m obstanoβko |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkoə̑č́ | šə̑č́ obstanoβko |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkoo | ə̑š obstanoβko |
| 1PL: | obstanoβkə̑na | ə̑šna obstanoβko |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑da | ə̑šda obstanoβko |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkoə̑č́ | ə̑št obstanoβko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nam | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nat | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nna | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nda | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nə̑t | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | obstanoβkam ə̑l'e | om obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkat ə̑l'e | ot obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | obstanoβkam ulmaš | om obstanoβko ulmaš |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkat ulmaš | ot obstanoβko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš obstanoβko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na obstanoβko ulmaš |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da obstanoβko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t obstanoβko ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nam ə̑l'e | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nat ə̑l'e | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n ə̑l'e | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nna ə̑l'e | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nda ə̑l'e | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nam ulmaš | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nat ulmaš | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n ulmaš | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nna ulmaš | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nda ulmaš | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑nə̑t ulmaš | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | obstanoβko | it obstanoβko |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkə̑žo | ə̑nže obstanoβko |
| 1PL: | (obstanoβkə̑ə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na obstanoβko) |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑za | ida obstanoβko |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št obstanoβko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | obstanoβkə̑nem | ə̑nem obstanoβko |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkə̑net | ə̑net obstanoβko |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkə̑neže | ə̑než obstanoβko |
| 1PL: | obstanoβkə̑nena | ə̑nena obstanoβko |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑neda | ə̑neda obstanoβko |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑nešt | ə̑nešt obstanoβko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | obstanoβkə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | obstanoβkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt obstanoβko ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | obstanoβkə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net obstanoβko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | obstanoβkə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než obstanoβko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | obstanoβkə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda obstanoβko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | obstanoβkə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt obstanoβko ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | obstanoβkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | obstanoβkə̑man |
| Active participle: | obstanoβkə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | obstanoβkə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | obstanoβkə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | obstanoβkə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | obstanoβkə̑ə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | obstanoβkə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | obstanoβkə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | obstanoβkə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | obstanoβkə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | obstanoβkə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | obstanoβkə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||