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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋšam | om peŋše |
| 2SG: | peŋšat | ot peŋše |
| 3SG: | peŋšeš | ok/ogeš peŋše |
| 1PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑na | ona/ogə̑na peŋše |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑da | oda/ogə̑da peŋše |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑t | ogə̑t peŋše |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋšeə̑m | šə̑m peŋše |
| 2SG: | peŋšeə̑č́ | šə̑č́ peŋše |
| 3SG: | peŋšeje | ə̑š peŋše |
| 1PL: | peŋšə̑na | ə̑šna peŋše |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑da | ə̑šda peŋše |
| 3PL: | peŋšeə̑č́ | ə̑št peŋše |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋšə̑ə̑nam | peŋšə̑ə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | peŋšə̑ə̑nat | peŋšə̑ə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | peŋšə̑ə̑n | peŋšə̑ə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑nna | peŋšə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑nda | peŋšə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑nə̑t | peŋšə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋšam ə̑l'e | om peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | peŋšat ə̑l'e | ot peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | peŋšeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t peŋše ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋšam ulmaš | om peŋše ulmaš |
| 2SG: | peŋšat ulmaš | ot peŋše ulmaš |
| 3SG: | peŋšeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš peŋše ulmaš |
| 1PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na peŋše ulmaš |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da peŋše ulmaš |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t peŋše ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋšə̑ə̑nam ə̑l'e | peŋšə̑ə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | peŋšə̑ə̑nat ə̑l'e | peŋšə̑ə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | peŋšə̑ə̑n ə̑l'e | peŋšə̑ə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑nna ə̑l'e | peŋšə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑nda ə̑l'e | peŋšə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | peŋšə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋšə̑ə̑nam ulmaš | peŋšə̑ə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | peŋšə̑ə̑nat ulmaš | peŋšə̑ə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | peŋšə̑ə̑n ulmaš | peŋšə̑ə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑nna ulmaš | peŋšə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑nda ulmaš | peŋšə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑ə̑nə̑t ulmaš | peŋšə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | peŋše | it peŋše |
| 3SG: | peŋšə̑že | ə̑nže peŋše |
| 1PL: | (peŋšə̑ə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na peŋše) |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑za | ida peŋše |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑št | ə̑nə̑št peŋše |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋšə̑nem | ə̑nem peŋše |
| 2SG: | peŋšə̑net | ə̑net peŋše |
| 3SG: | peŋšə̑neže | ə̑než peŋše |
| 1PL: | peŋšə̑nena | ə̑nena peŋše |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑neda | ə̑neda peŋše |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑nešt | ə̑nešt peŋše |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | peŋšə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | peŋšə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | peŋšə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | peŋšə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda peŋše ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt peŋše ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | peŋšə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net peŋše ulmaš |
| 3SG: | peŋšə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než peŋše ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | peŋšə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda peŋše ulmaš |
| 3PL: | peŋšə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt peŋše ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | peŋšaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | peŋšə̑man |
| Active participle: | peŋšə̑še |
| Passive participle: | peŋšə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | peŋšə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | peŋšə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | peŋšə̑ə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | peŋšə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | peŋšə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | peŋšə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | peŋšə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | peŋšə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | peŋšə̑də̑maš |
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| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||