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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | punupʃ |
Genitive: | punupʃən |
Dative: | punupʃlan |
Accusative: | punupʃəm |
Comparative: | punupʃla |
Comitative: | punupʃge |
Inessive: | punupʃto, punupʃəʃto |
Illative: | punupʃko, punupʃəʃ(ko) |
Lative: | punupʃeʃ |
1SG: | punupʃem |
2SG: | punupʃet |
3SG: | punupʃːo, punupʃəʒ(o) |
1PL: | punupʃna |
2PL: | punupʃda |
3PL: | punupʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | punupʃ-βlak |
Plural (2): | punupʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | punupʃla |
Sociative Plural: | punupʃmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | punupʃem | punupʃ-βlak | punupʃ-βlakem, punupʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | punupʃemən | punupʃ-βlakən | punupʃ-βlakemən, punupʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | punupʃemlan, punupʃlanem | punupʃ-βlaklan | punupʃ-βlakemlan, punupʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | punupʃeməm | punupʃ-βlakəm | punupʃ-βlakeməm, punupʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | punupʃemla, punupʃlam | punupʃ-βlakla | punupʃ-βlakemla, punupʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | punupʃemge | punupʃ-βlakge | punupʃ-βlakemge, punupʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | punupʃtem, punupʃəʃtem | punupʃ-βlakəʃte | punupʃ-βlakəʃtem, punupʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | punupʃkem, punupʃəʃkem | punupʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | punupʃ-βlakəʃkem, punupʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | punupʃeʃem | punupʃ-βlakeʃ | punupʃ-βlakeʃem, punupʃem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |