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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkam | om spirtoβko |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkat | ot spirtoβko |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkeʃ | ok/ogeʃ spirtoβko |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkəːna | ona/ogəna spirtoβko |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəːda | oda/ogəda spirtoβko |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəːt | ogət spirtoβko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkoəm | ʃəm spirtoβko |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkoət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ spirtoβko |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkoo | əʃ spirtoβko |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkəna | əʃna spirtoβko |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəda | əʃda spirtoβko |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkoət͡ɕ | əʃt spirtoβko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkəːnam | spirtoβkəːn oməl |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkəːnat | spirtoβkəːn otəl |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkəːn | spirtoβkəːn ogəl |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkəːnːa | spirtoβkəːn onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəːnda | spirtoβkəːn odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəːnət | spirtoβkəːn ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkam əʎe | om spirtoβko əʎe |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkat əʎe | ot spirtoβko əʎe |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkeʃ əʎe | ok/ogeʃ spirtoβko əʎe |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkəːna əʎe | ona/ogəna spirtoβko əʎe |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəːda əʎe | oda/ogəda spirtoβko əʎe |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəːt əʎe | ogət spirtoβko əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkam ulmaʃ | om spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkat ulmaʃ | ot spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkeʃ ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkəːna ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəːda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəːt ulmaʃ | ogət spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkəːnam əʎe | spirtoβkəːn oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkəːnat əʎe | spirtoβkəːn otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkəːn əʎe | spirtoβkəːn ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkəːnːa əʎe | spirtoβkəːn onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəːnda əʎe | spirtoβkəːn odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəːnət əʎe | spirtoβkəːn ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkəːnam ulmaʃ | spirtoβkəːn oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkəːnat ulmaʃ | spirtoβkəːn otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkəːn ulmaʃ | spirtoβkəːn ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkəːnːa ulmaʃ | spirtoβkəːn onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəːnda ulmaʃ | spirtoβkəːn odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəːnət ulmaʃ | spirtoβkəːn ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spirtoβko | it spirtoβko |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkəʒo | ənʒe spirtoβko |
| 1PL: | (spirtoβkəːna) | (ona/ogəna spirtoβko) |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəza | ida spirtoβko |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəʃt | ənəʃt spirtoβko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkənem | ənem spirtoβko |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkənet | ənet spirtoβko |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkəneʒe | əneʒ spirtoβko |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkənena | ənena spirtoβko |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəneda | əneda spirtoβko |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəneʃt | əneʃt spirtoβko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkənem əʎe | ənem spirtoβko əʎe |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkənena əʎe | ənet spirtoβko əʎe |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ spirtoβko əʎe |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkənena əʎe | ənena spirtoβko əʎe |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəneda əʎe | əneda spirtoβko əʎe |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt spirtoβko əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkənet ulmaʃ | ənet spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkəneda ulmaʃ | əneda spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt spirtoβko ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | spirtoβkaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | spirtoβkəman |
| Active participle: | spirtoβkəʃo |
| Passive participle: | spirtoβkəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | spirtoβkəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | spirtoβkədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | spirtoβkəːn |
| Negative gerund: | spirtoβkəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | spirtoβkəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | spirtoβkəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | spirtoβkəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | spirtoβkəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | spirtoβkədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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