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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | toβaroŋəlaʃ |
Genitive: | toβaroŋəlaʃən |
Dative: | toβaroŋəlaʃlan |
Accusative: | toβaroŋəlaʃəm |
Comparative: | toβaroŋəlaʃla |
Comitative: | toβaroŋəlaʃge |
Inessive: | toβaroŋəlaʃte, toβaroŋəlaʃəʃte |
Illative: | toβaroŋəlaʃke, toβaroŋəlaʃəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toβaroŋəlaʃeʃ |
1SG: | toβaroŋəlaʃem |
2SG: | toβaroŋəlaʃet |
3SG: | toβaroŋəlaʃːe, toβaroŋəlaʃəʒ(e) |
1PL: | toβaroŋəlaʃna |
2PL: | toβaroŋəlaʃda |
3PL: | toβaroŋəlaʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlak |
Plural (2): | toβaroŋəlaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | toβaroŋəlaʃla |
Sociative Plural: | toβaroŋəlaʃmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | toβaroŋəlaʃem | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlak | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakem, toβaroŋəlaʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | toβaroŋəlaʃemən | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakən | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakemən, toβaroŋəlaʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | toβaroŋəlaʃemlan, toβaroŋəlaʃlanem | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlaklan | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakemlan, toβaroŋəlaʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | toβaroŋəlaʃeməm | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakəm | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakeməm, toβaroŋəlaʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | toβaroŋəlaʃemla, toβaroŋəlaʃlam | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakla | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakemla, toβaroŋəlaʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | toβaroŋəlaʃemge | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakge | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakemge, toβaroŋəlaʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | toβaroŋəlaʃtem, toβaroŋəlaʃəʃtem | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakəʃte | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakəʃtem, toβaroŋəlaʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | toβaroŋəlaʃkem, toβaroŋəlaʃəʃkem | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakəʃkem, toβaroŋəlaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toβaroŋəlaʃeʃem | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakeʃ | toβaroŋəlaʃ-βlakeʃem, toβaroŋəlaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |