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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋmam | om toβaŋm |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmat | ot toβaŋm |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmeš | ok/ogeš toβaŋm |
| 1PL: | toβaŋmə̑na | ona/ogə̑na toβaŋm |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmə̑da | oda/ogə̑da toβaŋm |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmə̑t | ogə̑t toβaŋm |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋmə̑m | šə̑m toβaŋm |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmə̑č́ | šə̑č́ toβaŋm |
| 3SG: | toβaŋme | ə̑š toβaŋm |
| 1PL: | toβaŋmna | ə̑šna toβaŋm |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmda | ə̑šda toβaŋm |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmə̑č́ | ə̑št toβaŋm |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋmə̑nam | toβaŋmə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmə̑nat | toβaŋmə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmə̑n | toβaŋmə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | toβaŋmə̑nna | toβaŋmə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmə̑nda | toβaŋmə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmə̑nə̑t | toβaŋmə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋmam ə̑l'e | om toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmat ə̑l'e | ot toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toβaŋmə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋmam ulmaš | om toβaŋm ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmat ulmaš | ot toβaŋm ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš toβaŋm ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toβaŋmə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na toβaŋm ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da toβaŋm ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t toβaŋm ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋmə̑nam ə̑l'e | toβaŋmə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmə̑nat ə̑l'e | toβaŋmə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmə̑n ə̑l'e | toβaŋmə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toβaŋmə̑nna ə̑l'e | toβaŋmə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmə̑nda ə̑l'e | toβaŋmə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | toβaŋmə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋmə̑nam ulmaš | toβaŋmə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmə̑nat ulmaš | toβaŋmə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmə̑n ulmaš | toβaŋmə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toβaŋmə̑nna ulmaš | toβaŋmə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmə̑nda ulmaš | toβaŋmə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmə̑nə̑t ulmaš | toβaŋmə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toβaŋm | it toβaŋm |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmže | ə̑nže toβaŋm |
| 1PL: | (toβaŋmə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na toβaŋm) |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmza | ida toβaŋm |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmə̑št | ə̑nə̑št toβaŋm |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋmnem | ə̑nem toβaŋm |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmnet | ə̑net toβaŋm |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmneže | ə̑než toβaŋm |
| 1PL: | toβaŋmnena | ə̑nena toβaŋm |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmneda | ə̑neda toβaŋm |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmnešt | ə̑nešt toβaŋm |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋmnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toβaŋmnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt toβaŋm ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toβaŋmnet ulmaš | ə̑net toβaŋm ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toβaŋmneže ulmaš | ə̑než toβaŋm ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toβaŋmneda ulmaš | ə̑neda toβaŋm ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toβaŋmnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt toβaŋm ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toβaŋmaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toβaŋmman |
| Active participle: | toβaŋmše |
| Passive participle: | toβaŋmme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toβaŋmšaš |
| Negative participle: | toβaŋmdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toβaŋmə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | toβaŋmde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toβaŋmmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toβaŋmmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toβaŋmšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | toβaŋmmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | toβaŋmdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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