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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕam | om toβart͡ɕe |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕat | ot toβart͡ɕe |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕeʃ | ok/ogeʃ toβart͡ɕe |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕəːna | ona/ogəna toβart͡ɕe |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəːda | oda/ogəda toβart͡ɕe |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəːt | ogət toβart͡ɕe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕeəm | ʃəm toβart͡ɕe |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕeət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toβart͡ɕe |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕeje | əʃ toβart͡ɕe |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕəna | əʃna toβart͡ɕe |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəda | əʃda toβart͡ɕe |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕeət͡ɕ | əʃt toβart͡ɕe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕəːnam | toβart͡ɕəːn oməl |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕəːnat | toβart͡ɕəːn otəl |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕəːn | toβart͡ɕəːn ogəl |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕəːnːa | toβart͡ɕəːn onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəːnda | toβart͡ɕəːn odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəːnət | toβart͡ɕəːn ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕam əʎe | om toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕat əʎe | ot toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕeʃ əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕəːna əʎe | ona/ogəna toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəːda əʎe | oda/ogəda toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəːt əʎe | ogət toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕam ulmaʃ | om toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕat ulmaʃ | ot toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕeʃ ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕəːna ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəːda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəːt ulmaʃ | ogət toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕəːnam əʎe | toβart͡ɕəːn oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕəːnat əʎe | toβart͡ɕəːn otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕəːn əʎe | toβart͡ɕəːn ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕəːnːa əʎe | toβart͡ɕəːn onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəːnda əʎe | toβart͡ɕəːn odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəːnət əʎe | toβart͡ɕəːn ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕəːnam ulmaʃ | toβart͡ɕəːn oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕəːnat ulmaʃ | toβart͡ɕəːn otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕəːn ulmaʃ | toβart͡ɕəːn ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕəːnːa ulmaʃ | toβart͡ɕəːn onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəːnda ulmaʃ | toβart͡ɕəːn odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəːnət ulmaʃ | toβart͡ɕəːn ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕe | it toβart͡ɕe |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕəʒe | ənʒe toβart͡ɕe |
| 1PL: | (toβart͡ɕəːna) | (ona/ogəna toβart͡ɕe) |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəza | ida toβart͡ɕe |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəʃt | ənəʃt toβart͡ɕe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕənem | ənem toβart͡ɕe |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕənet | ənet toβart͡ɕe |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕəneʒe | əneʒ toβart͡ɕe |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕənena | ənena toβart͡ɕe |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəneda | əneda toβart͡ɕe |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəneʃt | əneʃt toβart͡ɕe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toβart͡ɕənem əʎe | ənem toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕənena əʎe | ənet toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 1PL: | toβart͡ɕənena əʎe | ənena toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəneda əʎe | əneda toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toβart͡ɕe əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toβart͡ɕənet ulmaʃ | ənet toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toβart͡ɕəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toβart͡ɕəneda ulmaʃ | əneda toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toβart͡ɕəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toβart͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toβart͡ɕaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toβart͡ɕəman |
| Active participle: | toβart͡ɕəʃe |
| Passive participle: | toβart͡ɕəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toβart͡ɕəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toβart͡ɕədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toβart͡ɕəːn |
| Negative gerund: | toβart͡ɕəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toβart͡ɕəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toβart͡ɕəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toβart͡ɕəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toβart͡ɕəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toβart͡ɕədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||