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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | toβaŋdəʃ |
Genitive: | toβaŋdəʃən |
Dative: | toβaŋdəʃlan |
Accusative: | toβaŋdəʃəm |
Comparative: | toβaŋdəʃla |
Comitative: | toβaŋdəʃge |
Inessive: | toβaŋdəʃte, toβaŋdəʃəʃte |
Illative: | toβaŋdəʃke, toβaŋdəʃəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toβaŋdəʃeʃ |
1SG: | toβaŋdəʃem |
2SG: | toβaŋdəʃet |
3SG: | toβaŋdəʃːe, toβaŋdəʃəʒ(e) |
1PL: | toβaŋdəʃna |
2PL: | toβaŋdəʃda |
3PL: | toβaŋdəʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | toβaŋdəʃ-βlak |
Plural (2): | toβaŋdəʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | toβaŋdəʃla |
Sociative Plural: | toβaŋdəʃmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | toβaŋdəʃem | toβaŋdəʃ-βlak | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakem, toβaŋdəʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | toβaŋdəʃemən | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakən | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakemən, toβaŋdəʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | toβaŋdəʃemlan, toβaŋdəʃlanem | toβaŋdəʃ-βlaklan | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakemlan, toβaŋdəʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | toβaŋdəʃeməm | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakəm | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakeməm, toβaŋdəʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | toβaŋdəʃemla, toβaŋdəʃlam | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakla | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakemla, toβaŋdəʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | toβaŋdəʃemge | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakge | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakemge, toβaŋdəʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | toβaŋdəʃtem, toβaŋdəʃəʃtem | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakəʃte | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakəʃtem, toβaŋdəʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | toβaŋdəʃkem, toβaŋdəʃəʃkem | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakəʃkem, toβaŋdəʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toβaŋdəʃeʃem | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakeʃ | toβaŋdəʃ-βlakeʃem, toβaŋdəʃem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |