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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toktaludam | om toktaludo |
| 2SG: | toktaludat | ot toktaludo |
| 3SG: | toktaludeš | ok/ogeš toktaludo |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑na | ona/ogə̑na toktaludo |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑da | oda/ogə̑da toktaludo |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑t | ogə̑t toktaludo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toktaludoə̑m | šə̑m toktaludo |
| 2SG: | toktaludoə̑č́ | šə̑č́ toktaludo |
| 3SG: | toktaludoo | ə̑š toktaludo |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑na | ə̑šna toktaludo |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑da | ə̑šda toktaludo |
| 3PL: | toktaludoə̑č́ | ə̑št toktaludo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toktaludə̑ə̑nam | toktaludə̑ə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | toktaludə̑ə̑nat | toktaludə̑ə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | toktaludə̑ə̑n | toktaludə̑ə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑nna | toktaludə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑nda | toktaludə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑nə̑t | toktaludə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toktaludam ə̑l'e | om toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toktaludat ə̑l'e | ot toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toktaludeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t toktaludo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toktaludam ulmaš | om toktaludo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toktaludat ulmaš | ot toktaludo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toktaludeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš toktaludo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na toktaludo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da toktaludo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t toktaludo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toktaludə̑ə̑nam ə̑l'e | toktaludə̑ə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toktaludə̑ə̑nat ə̑l'e | toktaludə̑ə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toktaludə̑ə̑n ə̑l'e | toktaludə̑ə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑nna ə̑l'e | toktaludə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑nda ə̑l'e | toktaludə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | toktaludə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toktaludə̑ə̑nam ulmaš | toktaludə̑ə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toktaludə̑ə̑nat ulmaš | toktaludə̑ə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toktaludə̑ə̑n ulmaš | toktaludə̑ə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑nna ulmaš | toktaludə̑ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑nda ulmaš | toktaludə̑ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑ə̑nə̑t ulmaš | toktaludə̑ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toktaludo | it toktaludo |
| 3SG: | toktaludə̑žo | ə̑nže toktaludo |
| 1PL: | (toktaludə̑ə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na toktaludo) |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑za | ida toktaludo |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑št | ə̑nə̑št toktaludo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toktaludə̑nem | ə̑nem toktaludo |
| 2SG: | toktaludə̑net | ə̑net toktaludo |
| 3SG: | toktaludə̑neže | ə̑než toktaludo |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑nena | ə̑nena toktaludo |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑neda | ə̑neda toktaludo |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑nešt | ə̑nešt toktaludo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toktaludə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toktaludə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toktaludə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda toktaludo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt toktaludo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toktaludə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net toktaludo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toktaludə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než toktaludo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda toktaludo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt toktaludo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toktaludaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toktaludə̑man |
| Active participle: | toktaludə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | toktaludə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toktaludə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | toktaludə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toktaludə̑ə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | toktaludə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | toktaludə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toktaludə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toktaludə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | toktaludə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | toktaludə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||