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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tolmam | om tolm |
| 2SG: | tolmat | ot tolm |
| 3SG: | tolmeš | ok/ogeš tolm |
| 1PL: | tolmə̑na | ona/ogə̑na tolm |
| 2PL: | tolmə̑da | oda/ogə̑da tolm |
| 3PL: | tolmə̑t | ogə̑t tolm |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tolmə̑m | šə̑m tolm |
| 2SG: | tolmə̑č́ | šə̑č́ tolm |
| 3SG: | tolmo | ə̑š tolm |
| 1PL: | tolmna | ə̑šna tolm |
| 2PL: | tolmda | ə̑šda tolm |
| 3PL: | tolmə̑č́ | ə̑št tolm |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tolmə̑nam | tolmə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | tolmə̑nat | tolmə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | tolmə̑n | tolmə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | tolmə̑nna | tolmə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | tolmə̑nda | tolmə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | tolmə̑nə̑t | tolmə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tolmam ə̑l'e | om tolm ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tolmat ə̑l'e | ot tolm ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tolmeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš tolm ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tolmə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na tolm ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tolmə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da tolm ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tolmə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t tolm ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tolmam ulmaš | om tolm ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tolmat ulmaš | ot tolm ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tolmeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš tolm ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tolmə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na tolm ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tolmə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da tolm ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tolmə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t tolm ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tolmə̑nam ə̑l'e | tolmə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tolmə̑nat ə̑l'e | tolmə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tolmə̑n ə̑l'e | tolmə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tolmə̑nna ə̑l'e | tolmə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tolmə̑nda ə̑l'e | tolmə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tolmə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | tolmə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tolmə̑nam ulmaš | tolmə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tolmə̑nat ulmaš | tolmə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tolmə̑n ulmaš | tolmə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tolmə̑nna ulmaš | tolmə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tolmə̑nda ulmaš | tolmə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tolmə̑nə̑t ulmaš | tolmə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tolm | it tolm |
| 3SG: | tolmžo | ə̑nže tolm |
| 1PL: | (tolmə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na tolm) |
| 2PL: | tolmza | ida tolm |
| 3PL: | tolmə̑št | ə̑nə̑št tolm |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tolmnem | ə̑nem tolm |
| 2SG: | tolmnet | ə̑net tolm |
| 3SG: | tolmneže | ə̑než tolm |
| 1PL: | tolmnena | ə̑nena tolm |
| 2PL: | tolmneda | ə̑neda tolm |
| 3PL: | tolmnešt | ə̑nešt tolm |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tolmnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem tolm ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tolmnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net tolm ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tolmneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než tolm ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tolmnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena tolm ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tolmneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda tolm ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tolmnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt tolm ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tolmnet ulmaš | ə̑net tolm ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tolmneže ulmaš | ə̑než tolm ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tolmneda ulmaš | ə̑neda tolm ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tolmnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt tolm ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tolmaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tolmman |
| Active participle: | tolmšo |
| Passive participle: | tolmmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tolmšaš |
| Negative participle: | tolmdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | tolmə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | tolmde |
| Gerund of prior action: | tolmmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tolmmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tolmšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | tolmmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | tolmdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||