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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | toʃtəʃoja |
Genitive: | toʃtəʃojan |
Dative: | toʃtəʃojalan |
Accusative: | toʃtəʃojam |
Comparative: | toʃtəʃojala |
Comitative: | toʃtəʃojage |
Inessive: | toʃtəʃojaʃte |
Illative: | toʃtəʃojaʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toʃtəʃojaʃ |
1SG: | toʃtəʃojam |
2SG: | toʃtəʃojat |
3SG: | toʃtəʃojaʒ(e) |
1PL: | toʃtəʃojana |
2PL: | toʃtəʃojada |
3PL: | toʃtəʃojaʃt |
Plural (1): | toʃtəʃoja-βlak |
Plural (2): | toʃtəʃoja-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | toʃtəʃojala |
Sociative Plural: | toʃtəʃojamət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | toʃtəʃojam | toʃtəʃoja-βlak | toʃtəʃoja-βlakem, toʃtəʃojam-βlak |
Genitive: | toʃtəʃojamən | toʃtəʃoja-βlakən | toʃtəʃoja-βlakemən, toʃtəʃojam-βlakən |
Dative: | toʃtəʃojamlan, toʃtəʃojalanem | toʃtəʃoja-βlaklan | toʃtəʃoja-βlakemlan, toʃtəʃojam-βlaklan |
Accusative: | toʃtəʃojaməm | toʃtəʃoja-βlakəm | toʃtəʃoja-βlakeməm, toʃtəʃojam-βlakəm |
Comparative: | toʃtəʃojamla, toʃtəʃojalam | toʃtəʃoja-βlakla | toʃtəʃoja-βlakemla, toʃtəʃojam-βlakla |
Comitative: | toʃtəʃojamge | toʃtəʃoja-βlakge | toʃtəʃoja-βlakemge, toʃtəʃojam-βlakge |
Inessive: | toʃtəʃojaʃtem | toʃtəʃoja-βlakəʃte | toʃtəʃoja-βlakəʃtem, toʃtəʃojam-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | toʃtəʃojaʃkem | toʃtəʃoja-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtəʃoja-βlakəʃkem, toʃtəʃojam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toʃtəʃojaʃem | toʃtəʃoja-βlakeʃ | toʃtəʃoja-βlakeʃem, toʃtəʃojam-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |