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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | upš |
Genitive: | upšə̑n |
Dative: | upšlan |
Accusative: | upšə̑m |
Comparative: | upšla |
Comitative: | upšge |
Inessive: | upšə̑što |
Illative: | upšə̑š(ko) |
Lative: | upšeš |
1SG: | upšem |
2SG: | upšet |
3SG: | upššo, upšə̑ž(o) |
1PL: | upšna |
2PL: | upšda |
3PL: | upšə̑št |
Plural (1): | upš-βlak |
Plural (2): | upš-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | upšla |
Sociative Plural: | upšmə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | upšem | upš-βlak | upš-βlakem, upšem-βlak |
Genitive: | upšemə̑n | upš-βlakə̑n | upš-βlakemə̑n, upšem-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | upšemlan, upšlanem | upš-βlaklan | upš-βlakemlan, upšem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | upšemə̑m | upš-βlakə̑m | upš-βlakemə̑m, upšem-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | upšemla, upšlam | upš-βlakla | upš-βlakemla, upšem-βlakla |
Comitative: | upšemge | upš-βlakge | upš-βlakemge, upšem-βlakge |
Inessive: | upšə̑štem | upš-βlakə̑šte | upš-βlakə̑štem, upšem-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | upšə̑škem | upš-βlakə̑š(ke) | upš-βlakə̑škem, upšem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | upšešem | upš-βlakeš | upš-βlakešem, upšem-βlakeš |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |