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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | upʃəm |
Genitive: | upʃəmən |
Dative: | upʃəmlan |
Accusative: | upʃəməm |
Comparative: | upʃəmla |
Comitative: | upʃəmge |
Inessive: | upʃəməʃto |
Illative: | upʃəməʃ(ko) |
Lative: | upʃəmeʃ |
1SG: | upʃəmem |
2SG: | upʃəmet |
3SG: | upʃəmʒo |
1PL: | upʃəmna |
2PL: | upʃəmda |
3PL: | upʃəməʃt |
Plural (1): | upʃəm-βlak |
Plural (2): | upʃəm-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | upʃəmla |
Sociative Plural: | upʃəmːət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | upʃəmem | upʃəm-βlak | upʃəm-βlakem, upʃəmem-βlak |
Genitive: | upʃəmemən | upʃəm-βlakən | upʃəm-βlakemən, upʃəmem-βlakən |
Dative: | upʃəmemlan, upʃəmlanem | upʃəm-βlaklan | upʃəm-βlakemlan, upʃəmem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | upʃəmeməm | upʃəm-βlakəm | upʃəm-βlakeməm, upʃəmem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | upʃəmemla, upʃəmlam | upʃəm-βlakla | upʃəm-βlakemla, upʃəmem-βlakla |
Comitative: | upʃəmemge | upʃəm-βlakge | upʃəm-βlakemge, upʃəmem-βlakge |
Inessive: | upʃəməʃtem | upʃəm-βlakəʃte | upʃəm-βlakəʃtem, upʃəmem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | upʃəməʃkem | upʃəm-βlakəʃ(ke) | upʃəm-βlakəʃkem, upʃəmem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | upʃəmeʃem | upʃəm-βlakeʃ | upʃəm-βlakeʃem, upʃəmem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |