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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mam | om č́opkə̑m |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mat | ot č́opkə̑m |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑meš | ok/ogeš č́opkə̑m |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑na | ona/ogə̑na č́opkə̑m |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑da | oda/ogə̑da č́opkə̑m |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑t | ogə̑t č́opkə̑m |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑m | šə̑m č́opkə̑m |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑č́ | šə̑č́ č́opkə̑m |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mo | ə̑š č́opkə̑m |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mna | ə̑šna č́opkə̑m |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mda | ə̑šda č́opkə̑m |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑č́ | ə̑št č́opkə̑m |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑nam | č́opkə̑mə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑nat | č́opkə̑mə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑n | č́opkə̑mə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nna | č́opkə̑mə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nda | č́opkə̑mə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nə̑t | č́opkə̑mə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mam ə̑l'e | om č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mat ə̑l'e | ot č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑meš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mam ulmaš | om č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mat ulmaš | ot č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑meš ulmaš | ok/ogeš č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑nam ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑mə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑nat ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑mə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑n ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑mə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nna ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑mə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nda ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑mə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | č́opkə̑mə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑nam ulmaš | č́opkə̑mə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑nat ulmaš | č́opkə̑mə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mə̑n ulmaš | č́opkə̑mə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nna ulmaš | č́opkə̑mə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nda ulmaš | č́opkə̑mə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑nə̑t ulmaš | č́opkə̑mə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑m | it č́opkə̑m |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mžo | ə̑nže č́opkə̑m |
| 1PL: | (č́opkə̑mə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na č́opkə̑m) |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mza | ida č́opkə̑m |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mə̑št | ə̑nə̑št č́opkə̑m |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mnem | ə̑nem č́opkə̑m |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mnet | ə̑net č́opkə̑m |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mneže | ə̑než č́opkə̑m |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mnena | ə̑nena č́opkə̑m |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mneda | ə̑neda č́opkə̑m |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mnešt | ə̑nešt č́opkə̑m |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́opkə̑mnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́opkə̑mnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt č́opkə̑m ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́opkə̑mnet ulmaš | ə̑net č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́opkə̑mneže ulmaš | ə̑než č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | č́opkə̑mneda ulmaš | ə̑neda č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́opkə̑mnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt č́opkə̑m ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | č́opkə̑maš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | č́opkə̑mman |
| Active participle: | č́opkə̑mšo |
| Passive participle: | č́opkə̑mmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | č́opkə̑mšaš |
| Negative participle: | č́opkə̑mdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | č́opkə̑mə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | č́opkə̑mde |
| Gerund of prior action: | č́opkə̑mmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | č́opkə̑mmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | č́opkə̑mšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | č́opkə̑mmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | č́opkə̑mdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||