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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | ʃuməʃo |
Genitive: | ʃuməʃən |
Dative: | ʃuməʃəlan |
Accusative: | ʃuməʃəm |
Comparative: | ʃuməʃəla |
Comitative: | ʃuməʃəge |
Inessive: | ʃuməʃəʃto |
Illative: | ʃuməʃəʃ(ko) |
Lative: | ʃuməʃeʃ |
1SG: | ʃuməʃem |
2SG: | ʃuməʃet |
3SG: | ʃuməʃəʒ(o) |
1PL: | ʃuməʃəna |
2PL: | ʃuməʃəda |
3PL: | ʃuməʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | ʃuməʃo-βlak |
Plural (2): | ʃuməʃo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | ʃuməʃəla |
Sociative Plural: | ʃuməʃəmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | ʃuməʃem | ʃuməʃo-βlak | ʃuməʃo-βlakem, ʃuməʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | ʃuməʃemən | ʃuməʃo-βlakən | ʃuməʃo-βlakemən, ʃuməʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | ʃuməʃemlan, ʃuməʃəlanem | ʃuməʃo-βlaklan | ʃuməʃo-βlakemlan, ʃuməʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | ʃuməʃeməm | ʃuməʃo-βlakəm | ʃuməʃo-βlakeməm, ʃuməʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | ʃuməʃemla, ʃuməʃəlam | ʃuməʃo-βlakla | ʃuməʃo-βlakemla, ʃuməʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | ʃuməʃemge | ʃuməʃo-βlakge | ʃuməʃo-βlakemge, ʃuməʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | ʃuməʃəʃtem | ʃuməʃo-βlakəʃte | ʃuməʃo-βlakəʃtem, ʃuməʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | ʃuməʃəʃkem | ʃuməʃo-βlakəʃ(ke) | ʃuməʃo-βlakəʃkem, ʃuməʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | ʃuməʃeʃem | ʃuməʃo-βlakeʃ | ʃuməʃo-βlakeʃem, ʃuməʃem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |