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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | yʃtalme |
Genitive: | yʃtalmən |
Dative: | yʃtalməlan |
Accusative: | yʃtalməm |
Comparative: | yʃtalməla |
Comitative: | yʃtalməge |
Inessive: | yʃtalməʃte |
Illative: | yʃtalməʃ(ke) |
Lative: | yʃtalmeʃ |
1SG: | yʃtalmem |
2SG: | yʃtalmet |
3SG: | yʃtalməʒ(e) |
1PL: | yʃtalməna |
2PL: | yʃtalməda |
3PL: | yʃtalməʃt |
Plural (1): | yʃtalme-βlak |
Plural (2): | yʃtalme-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | yʃtalməla |
Sociative Plural: | yʃtalməmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | yʃtalmem | yʃtalme-βlak | yʃtalme-βlakem, yʃtalmem-βlak |
Genitive: | yʃtalmemən | yʃtalme-βlakən | yʃtalme-βlakemən, yʃtalmem-βlakən |
Dative: | yʃtalmemlan, yʃtalməlanem | yʃtalme-βlaklan | yʃtalme-βlakemlan, yʃtalmem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | yʃtalmeməm | yʃtalme-βlakəm | yʃtalme-βlakeməm, yʃtalmem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | yʃtalmemla, yʃtalməlam | yʃtalme-βlakla | yʃtalme-βlakemla, yʃtalmem-βlakla |
Comitative: | yʃtalmemge | yʃtalme-βlakge | yʃtalme-βlakemge, yʃtalmem-βlakge |
Inessive: | yʃtalməʃtem | yʃtalme-βlakəʃte | yʃtalme-βlakəʃtem, yʃtalmem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | yʃtalməʃkem | yʃtalme-βlakəʃ(ke) | yʃtalme-βlakəʃkem, yʃtalmem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | yʃtalmeʃem | yʃtalme-βlakeʃ | yʃtalme-βlakeʃem, yʃtalmem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |