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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | al-joškar(ge)jem | om al-joškar(ge) |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)jet | ot al-joškar(ge) |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)a | ok/ogeš al-joškar(ge) |
| 1PL: | al-joškar(ge)jena | ona/ogə̑na al-joškar(ge) |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)jeda | oda/ogə̑da al-joškar(ge) |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)at | ogə̑t al-joškar(ge) |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | al-joškar(ge)ə̑šə̑m | šə̑m al-joškar(ge) |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)ə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ al-joškar(ge) |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)ə̑š | ə̑š al-joškar(ge) |
| 1PL: | al-joškar(ge)ə̑šna | ə̑šna al-joškar(ge) |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)ə̑šda | ə̑šda al-joškar(ge) |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)ə̑št | ə̑št al-joškar(ge) |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | al-joškar(ge)jenam | al-joškar(ge)jen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)jenat | al-joškar(ge)jen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)jen | al-joškar(ge)jen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | al-joškar(ge)jenna | al-joškar(ge)jen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)jenda | al-joškar(ge)jen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)jenə̑t | al-joškar(ge)jen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | al-joškar(ge)jem ə̑l'e | om al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)jet ə̑l'e | ot al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)a ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | al-joškar(ge)jena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)jeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)at ə̑l'e | ogə̑t al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | al-joškar(ge)jem ulmaš | om al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)jet ulmaš | ot al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)a ulmaš | ok/ogeš al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
| 1PL: | al-joškar(ge)jena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)jeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)at ulmaš | ogə̑t al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | al-joškar(ge)jenam ə̑l'e | al-joškar(ge)jen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)jenat ə̑l'e | al-joškar(ge)jen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)jen ə̑l'e | al-joškar(ge)jen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | al-joškar(ge)jenna ə̑l'e | al-joškar(ge)jen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)jenda ə̑l'e | al-joškar(ge)jen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)jen ə̑l'e | al-joškar(ge)jen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | al-joškar(ge)jenam ulmaš | al-joškar(ge)jen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)jenat ulmaš | al-joškar(ge)jen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)jen ulmaš | al-joškar(ge)jen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | al-joškar(ge)jenna ulmaš | al-joškar(ge)jen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)jenda ulmaš | al-joškar(ge)jen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)jen ulmaš | al-joškar(ge)jen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge) | it al-joškar(ge) |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)že | ə̑nže al-joškar(ge) |
| 1PL: | (al-joškar(ge)jena) | (ona/ogə̑na al-joškar(ge)) |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)za | ida al-joškar(ge) |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)ə̑št | ə̑nə̑št al-joškar(ge) |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | al-joškar(ge)nem | ə̑nem al-joškar(ge) |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)net | ə̑net al-joškar(ge) |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)neže | ə̑než al-joškar(ge) |
| 1PL: | al-joškar(ge)nena | ə̑nena al-joškar(ge) |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)neda | ə̑neda al-joškar(ge) |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)nešt | ə̑nešt al-joškar(ge) |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | al-joškar(ge)nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | al-joškar(ge)nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt al-joškar(ge) ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | al-joškar(ge)net ulmaš | ə̑net al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
| 3SG: | al-joškar(ge)neže ulmaš | ə̑než al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | al-joškar(ge)neda ulmaš | ə̑neda al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
| 3PL: | al-joškar(ge)nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt al-joškar(ge) ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | al-joškar(ge)aš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | al-joškar(ge)man |
| Active participle: | al-joškar(ge)še |
| Passive participle: | al-joškar(ge)me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | al-joškar(ge)šaš |
| Negative participle: | al-joškar(ge)də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | al-joškar(ge)jen |
| Negative gerund: | al-joškar(ge)de |
| Gerund of prior action: | al-joškar(ge)mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | al-joškar(ge)meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | al-joškar(ge)šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | al-joškar(ge)maš |
| Negative nominalization: | al-joškar(ge)də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||