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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgam | om ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgat | ot ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋga | ok/ogeš ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 1PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgana | ona/ogə̑na ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgada | oda/ogə̑da ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgat | ogə̑t ašə̑kpaŋga |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgašə̑m | šə̑m ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgašə̑č́ | šə̑č́ ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgaš | ə̑š ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 1PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgašna | ə̑šna ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgašda | ə̑šda ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgašt | ə̑št ašə̑kpaŋga |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganam | ašə̑kpaŋgan omə̑l |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganat | ašə̑kpaŋgan otə̑l |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgan | ašə̑kpaŋgan ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganna | ašə̑kpaŋgan onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganda | ašə̑kpaŋgan odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganə̑t | ašə̑kpaŋgan ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgam ə̑l'e | om ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgat ə̑l'e | ot ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgana ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgada ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgam ulmaš | om ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgat ulmaš | ot ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš | ok/ogeš ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgana ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgada ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgat ulmaš | ogə̑t ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganam ə̑l'e | ašə̑kpaŋgan omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganat ə̑l'e | ašə̑kpaŋgan otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgan ə̑l'e | ašə̑kpaŋgan ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganna ə̑l'e | ašə̑kpaŋgan onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganda ə̑l'e | ašə̑kpaŋgan odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgan ə̑l'e | ašə̑kpaŋgan ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganam ulmaš | ašə̑kpaŋgan omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganat ulmaš | ašə̑kpaŋgan otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgan ulmaš | ašə̑kpaŋgan ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganna ulmaš | ašə̑kpaŋgan onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganda ulmaš | ašə̑kpaŋgan odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgan ulmaš | ašə̑kpaŋgan ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋga | it ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋgaže | ə̑nže ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 1PL: | (ašə̑kpaŋgana) | (ona/ogə̑na ašə̑kpaŋga) |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgaza | ida ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋgašt | ə̑nə̑št ašə̑kpaŋga |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganem | ə̑nem ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganet | ə̑net ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganeže | ə̑než ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 1PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganena | ə̑nena ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganeda | ə̑neda ašə̑kpaŋga |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganešt | ə̑nešt ašə̑kpaŋga |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganena ə̑l'e | ə̑net ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganeže ə̑l'e | ə̑než ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganeda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt ašə̑kpaŋga ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganet ulmaš | ə̑net ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ašə̑kpaŋganeže ulmaš | ə̑než ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganeda ulmaš | ə̑neda ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ašə̑kpaŋganešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt ašə̑kpaŋga ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ašə̑kpaŋgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ašə̑kpaŋgaman |
| Active participle: | ašə̑kpaŋgaše |
| Passive participle: | ašə̑kpaŋgame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ašə̑kpaŋgašaš |
| Negative participle: | ašə̑kpaŋgadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ašə̑kpaŋgan |
| Negative gerund: | ašə̑kpaŋgade |
| Gerund of prior action: | ašə̑kpaŋgamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ašə̑kpaŋgameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ašə̑kpaŋgašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | ašə̑kpaŋgamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | ašə̑kpaŋgadə̑maš |
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| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||