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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βertol'otem | om βertol'ot |
| 2SG: | βertol'otet | ot βertol'ot |
| 3SG: | βertol'ota | ok/ogeš βertol'ot |
| 1PL: | βertol'otena | ona/ogə̑na βertol'ot |
| 2PL: | βertol'oteda | oda/ogə̑da βertol'ot |
| 3PL: | βertol'otat | ogə̑t βertol'ot |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βertol'otə̑šə̑m | šə̑m βertol'ot |
| 2SG: | βertol'otə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ βertol'ot |
| 3SG: | βertol'otə̑š | ə̑š βertol'ot |
| 1PL: | βertol'otə̑šna | ə̑šna βertol'ot |
| 2PL: | βertol'otə̑šda | ə̑šda βertol'ot |
| 3PL: | βertol'otə̑št | ə̑št βertol'ot |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βertol'otenam | βertol'oten omə̑l |
| 2SG: | βertol'otenat | βertol'oten otə̑l |
| 3SG: | βertol'oten | βertol'oten ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | βertol'otenna | βertol'oten onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | βertol'otenda | βertol'oten odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | βertol'otenə̑t | βertol'oten ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βertol'otem ə̑l'e | om βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βertol'otet ə̑l'e | ot βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βertol'ota ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βertol'otena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βertol'oteda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βertol'otat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βertol'otem ulmaš | om βertol'ot ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βertol'otet ulmaš | ot βertol'ot ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βertol'ota ulmaš | ok/ogeš βertol'ot ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βertol'otena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na βertol'ot ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βertol'oteda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da βertol'ot ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βertol'otat ulmaš | ogə̑t βertol'ot ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βertol'otenam ə̑l'e | βertol'oten omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βertol'otenat ə̑l'e | βertol'oten otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βertol'oten ə̑l'e | βertol'oten ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βertol'otenna ə̑l'e | βertol'oten onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βertol'otenda ə̑l'e | βertol'oten odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βertol'oten ə̑l'e | βertol'oten ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βertol'otenam ulmaš | βertol'oten omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βertol'otenat ulmaš | βertol'oten otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βertol'oten ulmaš | βertol'oten ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βertol'otenna ulmaš | βertol'oten onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βertol'otenda ulmaš | βertol'oten odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βertol'oten ulmaš | βertol'oten ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βertol'ot | it βertol'ot |
| 3SG: | βertol'otšo | ə̑nže βertol'ot |
| 1PL: | (βertol'otena) | (ona/ogə̑na βertol'ot) |
| 2PL: | βertol'otsa | ida βertol'ot |
| 3PL: | βertol'otə̑št | ə̑nə̑št βertol'ot |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βertol'otnem | ə̑nem βertol'ot |
| 2SG: | βertol'otnet | ə̑net βertol'ot |
| 3SG: | βertol'otneže | ə̑než βertol'ot |
| 1PL: | βertol'otnena | ə̑nena βertol'ot |
| 2PL: | βertol'otneda | ə̑neda βertol'ot |
| 3PL: | βertol'otnešt | ə̑nešt βertol'ot |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βertol'otnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βertol'otnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βertol'otneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βertol'otnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βertol'otneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βertol'otnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt βertol'ot ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βertol'otnet ulmaš | ə̑net βertol'ot ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βertol'otneže ulmaš | ə̑než βertol'ot ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βertol'otneda ulmaš | ə̑neda βertol'ot ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βertol'otnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt βertol'ot ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βertol'otaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βertol'otman |
| Active participle: | βertol'otšo |
| Passive participle: | βertol'otmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βertol'otšaš |
| Negative participle: | βertol'otdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βertol'oten |
| Negative gerund: | βertol'otde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βertol'otmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βertol'otmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βertol'otšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | βertol'otmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | βertol'otdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||