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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βišńem | om βišńe |
| 2SG: | βišńet | ot βišńe |
| 3SG: | βišńa | ok/ogeš βišńe |
| 1PL: | βišńena | ona/ogə̑na βišńe |
| 2PL: | βišńeda | oda/ogə̑da βišńe |
| 3PL: | βišńat | ogə̑t βišńe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βišńə̑šə̑m | šə̑m βišńe |
| 2SG: | βišńə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ βišńe |
| 3SG: | βišńə̑š | ə̑š βišńe |
| 1PL: | βišńə̑šna | ə̑šna βišńe |
| 2PL: | βišńə̑šda | ə̑šda βišńe |
| 3PL: | βišńə̑št | ə̑št βišńe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βišńenam | βišńen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | βišńenat | βišńen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | βišńen | βišńen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | βišńenna | βišńen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | βišńenda | βišńen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | βišńenə̑t | βišńen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βišńem ə̑l'e | om βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βišńet ə̑l'e | ot βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βišńa ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βišńena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βišńeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βišńat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t βišńe ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βišńem ulmaš | om βišńe ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βišńet ulmaš | ot βišńe ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βišńa ulmaš | ok/ogeš βišńe ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βišńena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na βišńe ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βišńeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da βišńe ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βišńat ulmaš | ogə̑t βišńe ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βišńenam ə̑l'e | βišńen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βišńenat ə̑l'e | βišńen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βišńen ə̑l'e | βišńen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βišńenna ə̑l'e | βišńen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βišńenda ə̑l'e | βišńen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βišńen ə̑l'e | βišńen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βišńenam ulmaš | βišńen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βišńenat ulmaš | βišńen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βišńen ulmaš | βišńen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βišńenna ulmaš | βišńen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βišńenda ulmaš | βišńen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βišńen ulmaš | βišńen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βišńe | it βišńe |
| 3SG: | βišńə̑že | ə̑nže βišńe |
| 1PL: | (βišńena) | (ona/ogə̑na βišńe) |
| 2PL: | βišńə̑za | ida βišńe |
| 3PL: | βišńə̑št | ə̑nə̑št βišńe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βišńə̑nem | ə̑nem βišńe |
| 2SG: | βišńə̑net | ə̑net βišńe |
| 3SG: | βišńə̑neže | ə̑než βišńe |
| 1PL: | βišńə̑nena | ə̑nena βišńe |
| 2PL: | βišńə̑neda | ə̑neda βišńe |
| 3PL: | βišńə̑nešt | ə̑nešt βišńe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βišńə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βišńə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βišńə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βišńə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βišńə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda βišńe ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βišńə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt βišńe ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βišńə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net βišńe ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βišńə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než βišńe ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βišńə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda βišńe ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βišńə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt βišńe ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βišńaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βišńə̑man |
| Active participle: | βišńə̑še |
| Passive participle: | βišńə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βišńə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | βišńə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βišńen |
| Negative gerund: | βišńə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | βišńə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βišńə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βišńə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | βišńə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | βišńə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||