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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafam | om grafa |
| 2SG: | grafat | ot grafa |
| 3SG: | grafa | ok/ogeš grafa |
| 1PL: | grafana | ona/ogə̑na grafa |
| 2PL: | grafada | oda/ogə̑da grafa |
| 3PL: | grafat | ogə̑t grafa |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafašə̑m | šə̑m grafa |
| 2SG: | grafašə̑č́ | šə̑č́ grafa |
| 3SG: | grafaš | ə̑š grafa |
| 1PL: | grafašna | ə̑šna grafa |
| 2PL: | grafašda | ə̑šda grafa |
| 3PL: | grafašt | ə̑št grafa |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafanam | grafan omə̑l |
| 2SG: | grafanat | grafan otə̑l |
| 3SG: | grafan | grafan ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | grafanna | grafan onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | grafanda | grafan odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | grafanə̑t | grafan ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafam ə̑l'e | om grafa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | grafat ə̑l'e | ot grafa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | grafa ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš grafa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | grafana ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na grafa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | grafada ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da grafa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | grafat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t grafa ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafam ulmaš | om grafa ulmaš |
| 2SG: | grafat ulmaš | ot grafa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | grafa ulmaš | ok/ogeš grafa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | grafana ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na grafa ulmaš |
| 2PL: | grafada ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da grafa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | grafat ulmaš | ogə̑t grafa ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafanam ə̑l'e | grafan omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | grafanat ə̑l'e | grafan otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | grafan ə̑l'e | grafan ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | grafanna ə̑l'e | grafan onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | grafanda ə̑l'e | grafan odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | grafan ə̑l'e | grafan ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafanam ulmaš | grafan omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | grafanat ulmaš | grafan otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | grafan ulmaš | grafan ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | grafanna ulmaš | grafan onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | grafanda ulmaš | grafan odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | grafan ulmaš | grafan ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | grafa | it grafa |
| 3SG: | grafaže | ə̑nže grafa |
| 1PL: | (grafana) | (ona/ogə̑na grafa) |
| 2PL: | grafaza | ida grafa |
| 3PL: | grafašt | ə̑nə̑št grafa |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafanem | ə̑nem grafa |
| 2SG: | grafanet | ə̑net grafa |
| 3SG: | grafaneže | ə̑než grafa |
| 1PL: | grafanena | ə̑nena grafa |
| 2PL: | grafaneda | ə̑neda grafa |
| 3PL: | grafanešt | ə̑nešt grafa |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem grafa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | grafanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net grafa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | grafaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než grafa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | grafanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena grafa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | grafaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda grafa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | grafanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt grafa ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | grafanet ulmaš | ə̑net grafa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | grafaneže ulmaš | ə̑než grafa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | grafaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda grafa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | grafanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt grafa ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | grafaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | grafaman |
| Active participle: | grafaše |
| Passive participle: | grafame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | grafašaš |
| Negative participle: | grafadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | grafan |
| Negative gerund: | grafade |
| Gerund of prior action: | grafamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | grafameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | grafašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | grafamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | grafadə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||