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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafem | om graf |
| 2SG: | grafet | ot graf |
| 3SG: | grafa | ok/ogeš graf |
| 1PL: | grafena | ona/ogə̑na graf |
| 2PL: | grafeda | oda/ogə̑da graf |
| 3PL: | grafat | ogə̑t graf |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafə̑šə̑m | šə̑m graf |
| 2SG: | grafə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ graf |
| 3SG: | grafə̑š | ə̑š graf |
| 1PL: | grafə̑šna | ə̑šna graf |
| 2PL: | grafə̑šda | ə̑šda graf |
| 3PL: | grafə̑št | ə̑št graf |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafenam | grafen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | grafenat | grafen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | grafen | grafen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | grafenna | grafen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | grafenda | grafen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | grafenə̑t | grafen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafem ə̑l'e | om graf ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | grafet ə̑l'e | ot graf ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | grafa ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš graf ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | grafena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na graf ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | grafeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da graf ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | grafat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t graf ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafem ulmaš | om graf ulmaš |
| 2SG: | grafet ulmaš | ot graf ulmaš |
| 3SG: | grafa ulmaš | ok/ogeš graf ulmaš |
| 1PL: | grafena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na graf ulmaš |
| 2PL: | grafeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da graf ulmaš |
| 3PL: | grafat ulmaš | ogə̑t graf ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafenam ə̑l'e | grafen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | grafenat ə̑l'e | grafen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | grafen ə̑l'e | grafen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | grafenna ə̑l'e | grafen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | grafenda ə̑l'e | grafen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | grafen ə̑l'e | grafen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafenam ulmaš | grafen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | grafenat ulmaš | grafen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | grafen ulmaš | grafen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | grafenna ulmaš | grafen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | grafenda ulmaš | grafen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | grafen ulmaš | grafen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | graf | it graf |
| 3SG: | grafše | ə̑nže graf |
| 1PL: | (grafena) | (ona/ogə̑na graf) |
| 2PL: | grafsa | ida graf |
| 3PL: | grafə̑št | ə̑nə̑št graf |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafnem | ə̑nem graf |
| 2SG: | grafnet | ə̑net graf |
| 3SG: | grafneže | ə̑než graf |
| 1PL: | grafnena | ə̑nena graf |
| 2PL: | grafneda | ə̑neda graf |
| 3PL: | grafnešt | ə̑nešt graf |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | grafnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem graf ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | grafnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net graf ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | grafneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než graf ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | grafnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena graf ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | grafneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda graf ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | grafnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt graf ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | grafnet ulmaš | ə̑net graf ulmaš |
| 3SG: | grafneže ulmaš | ə̑než graf ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | grafneda ulmaš | ə̑neda graf ulmaš |
| 3PL: | grafnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt graf ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | grafaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | grafman |
| Active participle: | grafše |
| Passive participle: | grafme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | grafšaš |
| Negative participle: | grafdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | grafen |
| Negative gerund: | grafde |
| Gerund of prior action: | grafmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | grafmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | grafšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | grafmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | grafdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||