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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jeŋgam | om jeŋga |
| 2SG: | jeŋgat | ot jeŋga |
| 3SG: | jeŋga | ok/ogeš jeŋga |
| 1PL: | jeŋgana | ona/ogə̑na jeŋga |
| 2PL: | jeŋgada | oda/ogə̑da jeŋga |
| 3PL: | jeŋgat | ogə̑t jeŋga |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jeŋgašə̑m | šə̑m jeŋga |
| 2SG: | jeŋgašə̑č́ | šə̑č́ jeŋga |
| 3SG: | jeŋgaš | ə̑š jeŋga |
| 1PL: | jeŋgašna | ə̑šna jeŋga |
| 2PL: | jeŋgašda | ə̑šda jeŋga |
| 3PL: | jeŋgašt | ə̑št jeŋga |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jeŋganam | jeŋgan omə̑l |
| 2SG: | jeŋganat | jeŋgan otə̑l |
| 3SG: | jeŋgan | jeŋgan ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | jeŋganna | jeŋgan onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | jeŋganda | jeŋgan odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | jeŋganə̑t | jeŋgan ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jeŋgam ə̑l'e | om jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | jeŋgat ə̑l'e | ot jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | jeŋga ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | jeŋgana ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | jeŋgada ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | jeŋgat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t jeŋga ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jeŋgam ulmaš | om jeŋga ulmaš |
| 2SG: | jeŋgat ulmaš | ot jeŋga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | jeŋga ulmaš | ok/ogeš jeŋga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | jeŋgana ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na jeŋga ulmaš |
| 2PL: | jeŋgada ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da jeŋga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | jeŋgat ulmaš | ogə̑t jeŋga ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jeŋganam ə̑l'e | jeŋgan omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | jeŋganat ə̑l'e | jeŋgan otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | jeŋgan ə̑l'e | jeŋgan ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | jeŋganna ə̑l'e | jeŋgan onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | jeŋganda ə̑l'e | jeŋgan odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | jeŋgan ə̑l'e | jeŋgan ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jeŋganam ulmaš | jeŋgan omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | jeŋganat ulmaš | jeŋgan otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | jeŋgan ulmaš | jeŋgan ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | jeŋganna ulmaš | jeŋgan onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | jeŋganda ulmaš | jeŋgan odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | jeŋgan ulmaš | jeŋgan ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | jeŋga | it jeŋga |
| 3SG: | jeŋgaže | ə̑nže jeŋga |
| 1PL: | (jeŋgana) | (ona/ogə̑na jeŋga) |
| 2PL: | jeŋgaza | ida jeŋga |
| 3PL: | jeŋgašt | ə̑nə̑št jeŋga |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jeŋganem | ə̑nem jeŋga |
| 2SG: | jeŋganet | ə̑net jeŋga |
| 3SG: | jeŋganeže | ə̑než jeŋga |
| 1PL: | jeŋganena | ə̑nena jeŋga |
| 2PL: | jeŋganeda | ə̑neda jeŋga |
| 3PL: | jeŋganešt | ə̑nešt jeŋga |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | jeŋganem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | jeŋganena ə̑l'e | ə̑net jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | jeŋganeže ə̑l'e | ə̑než jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | jeŋganena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | jeŋganeda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda jeŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | jeŋganešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt jeŋga ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | jeŋganet ulmaš | ə̑net jeŋga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | jeŋganeže ulmaš | ə̑než jeŋga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | jeŋganeda ulmaš | ə̑neda jeŋga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | jeŋganešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt jeŋga ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | jeŋgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | jeŋgaman |
| Active participle: | jeŋgaše |
| Passive participle: | jeŋgame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | jeŋgašaš |
| Negative participle: | jeŋgadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | jeŋgan |
| Negative gerund: | jeŋgade |
| Gerund of prior action: | jeŋgamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | jeŋgameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | jeŋgašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | jeŋgamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | jeŋgadə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||