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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkarβujem | om joʃkarβuj |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujet | ot joʃkarβuj |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβuja | ok/ogeʃ joʃkarβuj |
| 1PL: | joʃkarβujena | ona/ogəna joʃkarβuj |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujeda | oda/ogəda joʃkarβuj |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujat | ogət joʃkarβuj |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkarβujəʃəm | ʃəm joʃkarβuj |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ joʃkarβuj |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβujəʃ | əʃ joʃkarβuj |
| 1PL: | joʃkarβujəʃna | əʃna joʃkarβuj |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujəʃda | əʃda joʃkarβuj |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujəʃt | əʃt joʃkarβuj |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkarβujenam | joʃkarβujen oməl |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujenat | joʃkarβujen otəl |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβujen | joʃkarβujen ogəl |
| 1PL: | joʃkarβujenːa | joʃkarβujen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujenda | joʃkarβujen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujenət | joʃkarβujen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkarβujem əʎe | om joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujet əʎe | ot joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβuja əʎe | ok/ogeʃ joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 1PL: | joʃkarβujena əʎe | ona/ogəna joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujeda əʎe | oda/ogəda joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujat əʎe | ogət joʃkarβuj əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkarβujem ulmaʃ | om joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujet ulmaʃ | ot joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβuja ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | joʃkarβujena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujat ulmaʃ | ogət joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkarβujenam əʎe | joʃkarβujen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujenat əʎe | joʃkarβujen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβujen əʎe | joʃkarβujen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | joʃkarβujenːa əʎe | joʃkarβujen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujenda əʎe | joʃkarβujen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujen əʎe | joʃkarβujen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkarβujenam ulmaʃ | joʃkarβujen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujenat ulmaʃ | joʃkarβujen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβujen ulmaʃ | joʃkarβujen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | joʃkarβujenːa ulmaʃ | joʃkarβujen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujenda ulmaʃ | joʃkarβujen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujen ulmaʃ | joʃkarβujen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβuj | it joʃkarβuj |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβujʒo | ənʒe joʃkarβuj |
| 1PL: | (joʃkarβujena) | (ona/ogəna joʃkarβuj) |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujza | ida joʃkarβuj |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujəʃt | ənəʃt joʃkarβuj |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkarβujnem | ənem joʃkarβuj |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujnet | ənet joʃkarβuj |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβujneʒe | əneʒ joʃkarβuj |
| 1PL: | joʃkarβujnena | ənena joʃkarβuj |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujneda | əneda joʃkarβuj |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujneʃt | əneʃt joʃkarβuj |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkarβujnem əʎe | ənem joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujnena əʎe | ənet joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβujneʒe əʎe | əneʒ joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 1PL: | joʃkarβujnena əʎe | ənena joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujneda əʎe | əneda joʃkarβuj əʎe |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujneʃt əʎe | əneʃt joʃkarβuj əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joʃkarβujnet ulmaʃ | ənet joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | joʃkarβujneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | joʃkarβujneda ulmaʃ | əneda joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | joʃkarβujneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt joʃkarβuj ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | joʃkarβujaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | joʃkarβujman |
| Active participle: | joʃkarβujʃo |
| Passive participle: | joʃkarβujmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | joʃkarβujʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | joʃkarβujdəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | joʃkarβujen |
| Negative gerund: | joʃkarβujde |
| Gerund of prior action: | joʃkarβujmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | joʃkarβujmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | joʃkarβujʃəla |
| Nominalization: | joʃkarβujmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | joʃkarβujdəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||