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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkaruʃmenem | om joʃkaruʃmen |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenet | ot joʃkaruʃmen |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmena | ok/ogeʃ joʃkaruʃmen |
| 1PL: | joʃkaruʃmenena | ona/ogəna joʃkaruʃmen |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmeneda | oda/ogəda joʃkaruʃmen |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenat | ogət joʃkaruʃmen |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkaruʃmenəʃəm | ʃəm joʃkaruʃmen |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ joʃkaruʃmen |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmenəʃ | əʃ joʃkaruʃmen |
| 1PL: | joʃkaruʃmenəʃna | əʃna joʃkaruʃmen |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmenəʃda | əʃda joʃkaruʃmen |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenəʃt | əʃt joʃkaruʃmen |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkaruʃmenenam | joʃkaruʃmenen oməl |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenenat | joʃkaruʃmenen otəl |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmenen | joʃkaruʃmenen ogəl |
| 1PL: | joʃkaruʃmenenːa | joʃkaruʃmenen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmenenda | joʃkaruʃmenen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenenət | joʃkaruʃmenen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkaruʃmenem əʎe | om joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenet əʎe | ot joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmena əʎe | ok/ogeʃ joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 1PL: | joʃkaruʃmenena əʎe | ona/ogəna joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmeneda əʎe | oda/ogəda joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenat əʎe | ogət joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkaruʃmenem ulmaʃ | om joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenet ulmaʃ | ot joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmena ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | joʃkaruʃmenena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmeneda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenat ulmaʃ | ogət joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkaruʃmenenam əʎe | joʃkaruʃmenen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenenat əʎe | joʃkaruʃmenen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmenen əʎe | joʃkaruʃmenen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | joʃkaruʃmenenːa əʎe | joʃkaruʃmenen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmenenda əʎe | joʃkaruʃmenen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenen əʎe | joʃkaruʃmenen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkaruʃmenenam ulmaʃ | joʃkaruʃmenen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenenat ulmaʃ | joʃkaruʃmenen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmenen ulmaʃ | joʃkaruʃmenen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | joʃkaruʃmenenːa ulmaʃ | joʃkaruʃmenen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmenenda ulmaʃ | joʃkaruʃmenen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenen ulmaʃ | joʃkaruʃmenen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmen | it joʃkaruʃmen |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmenʒe | ənʒe joʃkaruʃmen |
| 1PL: | (joʃkaruʃmenena) | (ona/ogəna joʃkaruʃmen) |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmenza | ida joʃkaruʃmen |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenəʃt | ənəʃt joʃkaruʃmen |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkaruʃmenːem | ənem joʃkaruʃmen |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenːet | ənet joʃkaruʃmen |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmenːeʒe | əneʒ joʃkaruʃmen |
| 1PL: | joʃkaruʃmenːena | ənena joʃkaruʃmen |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmenːeda | əneda joʃkaruʃmen |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenːeʃt | əneʃt joʃkaruʃmen |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joʃkaruʃmenːem əʎe | ənem joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenːena əʎe | ənet joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmenːeʒe əʎe | əneʒ joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 1PL: | joʃkaruʃmenːena əʎe | ənena joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmenːeda əʎe | əneda joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenːeʃt əʎe | əneʃt joʃkaruʃmen əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joʃkaruʃmenːet ulmaʃ | ənet joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | joʃkaruʃmenːeʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | joʃkaruʃmenːeda ulmaʃ | əneda joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | joʃkaruʃmenːeʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt joʃkaruʃmen ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | joʃkaruʃmenaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | joʃkaruʃmenman |
| Active participle: | joʃkaruʃmenʃe |
| Passive participle: | joʃkaruʃmenme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | joʃkaruʃmenʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | joʃkaruʃmendəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | joʃkaruʃmenen |
| Negative gerund: | joʃkaruʃmende |
| Gerund of prior action: | joʃkaruʃmenmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | joʃkaruʃmenmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | joʃkaruʃmenʃəla |
| Nominalization: | joʃkaruʃmenmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | joʃkaruʃmendəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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