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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltam | om kalta |
| 2SG: | kaltat | ot kalta |
| 3SG: | kalta | ok/ogeš kalta |
| 1PL: | kaltana | ona/ogə̑na kalta |
| 2PL: | kaltada | oda/ogə̑da kalta |
| 3PL: | kaltat | ogə̑t kalta |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltašə̑m | šə̑m kalta |
| 2SG: | kaltašə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kalta |
| 3SG: | kaltaš | ə̑š kalta |
| 1PL: | kaltašna | ə̑šna kalta |
| 2PL: | kaltašda | ə̑šda kalta |
| 3PL: | kaltašt | ə̑št kalta |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltanam | kaltan omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kaltanat | kaltan otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kaltan | kaltan ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kaltanna | kaltan onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kaltanda | kaltan odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kaltanə̑t | kaltan ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltam ə̑l'e | om kalta ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaltat ə̑l'e | ot kalta ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalta ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kalta ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaltana ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kalta ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaltada ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kalta ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaltat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kalta ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltam ulmaš | om kalta ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaltat ulmaš | ot kalta ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalta ulmaš | ok/ogeš kalta ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaltana ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kalta ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaltada ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kalta ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaltat ulmaš | ogə̑t kalta ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltanam ə̑l'e | kaltan omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaltanat ə̑l'e | kaltan otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaltan ə̑l'e | kaltan ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaltanna ə̑l'e | kaltan onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaltanda ə̑l'e | kaltan odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaltan ə̑l'e | kaltan ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltanam ulmaš | kaltan omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaltanat ulmaš | kaltan otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaltan ulmaš | kaltan ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaltanna ulmaš | kaltan onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaltanda ulmaš | kaltan odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaltan ulmaš | kaltan ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalta | it kalta |
| 3SG: | kaltaže | ə̑nže kalta |
| 1PL: | (kaltana) | (ona/ogə̑na kalta) |
| 2PL: | kaltaza | ida kalta |
| 3PL: | kaltašt | ə̑nə̑št kalta |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltanem | ə̑nem kalta |
| 2SG: | kaltanet | ə̑net kalta |
| 3SG: | kaltaneže | ə̑než kalta |
| 1PL: | kaltanena | ə̑nena kalta |
| 2PL: | kaltaneda | ə̑neda kalta |
| 3PL: | kaltanešt | ə̑nešt kalta |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaltanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kalta ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaltanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kalta ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaltaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kalta ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaltanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kalta ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaltaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kalta ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaltanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kalta ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaltanet ulmaš | ə̑net kalta ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaltaneže ulmaš | ə̑než kalta ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kaltaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kalta ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaltanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kalta ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kaltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kaltaman |
| Active participle: | kaltaše |
| Passive participle: | kaltame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kaltašaš |
| Negative participle: | kaltadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kaltan |
| Negative gerund: | kaltade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kaltamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kaltameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kaltašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kaltamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kaltadə̑maš |
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| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||