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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | kniga |
| Genitive: | knigan |
| Dative: | knigalan |
| Accusative: | knigam |
| Comparative: | knigala |
| Comitative: | knigage |
| Inessive: | knigaʃte |
| Illative: | knigaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | knigaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | knigam |
| 2SG: | knigat |
| 3SG: | knigaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | knigana |
| 2PL: | knigada |
| 3PL: | knigaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | kniga-βlak |
| Plural (2): | kniga-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | knigala |
| Sociative Plural: | knigamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | knigam | kniga-βlak | kniga-βlakem, knigam-βlak |
| Genitive: | knigamən | kniga-βlakən | kniga-βlakemən, knigam-βlakən |
| Dative: | knigamlan, knigalanem | kniga-βlaklan | kniga-βlakemlan, knigam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | knigaməm | kniga-βlakəm | kniga-βlakeməm, knigam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | knigamla, knigalam | kniga-βlakla | kniga-βlakemla, knigam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | knigamge | kniga-βlakge | kniga-βlakemge, knigam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | knigaʃtem | kniga-βlakəʃte | kniga-βlakəʃtem, knigam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | knigaʃkem | kniga-βlakəʃ(ke) | kniga-βlakəʃkem, knigam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | knigaʃem | kniga-βlakeʃ | kniga-βlakeʃem, knigam-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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