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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | knigam | om kniga |
| 2SG: | knigat | ot kniga |
| 3SG: | kniga | ok/ogeʃ kniga |
| 1PL: | knigana | ona/ogəna kniga |
| 2PL: | knigada | oda/ogəda kniga |
| 3PL: | knigat | ogət kniga |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | knigaʃəm | ʃəm kniga |
| 2SG: | knigaʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ kniga |
| 3SG: | knigaʃ | əʃ kniga |
| 1PL: | knigaʃna | əʃna kniga |
| 2PL: | knigaʃda | əʃda kniga |
| 3PL: | knigaʃt | əʃt kniga |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kniganam | knigan oməl |
| 2SG: | kniganat | knigan otəl |
| 3SG: | knigan | knigan ogəl |
| 1PL: | kniganːa | knigan onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | kniganda | knigan odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | kniganət | knigan ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | knigam əʎe | om kniga əʎe |
| 2SG: | knigat əʎe | ot kniga əʎe |
| 3SG: | kniga əʎe | ok/ogeʃ kniga əʎe |
| 1PL: | knigana əʎe | ona/ogəna kniga əʎe |
| 2PL: | knigada əʎe | oda/ogəda kniga əʎe |
| 3PL: | knigat əʎe | ogət kniga əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | knigam ulmaʃ | om kniga ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | knigat ulmaʃ | ot kniga ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kniga ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ kniga ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | knigana ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna kniga ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | knigada ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda kniga ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | knigat ulmaʃ | ogət kniga ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kniganam əʎe | knigan oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | kniganat əʎe | knigan otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | knigan əʎe | knigan ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | kniganːa əʎe | knigan onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | kniganda əʎe | knigan odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | knigan əʎe | knigan ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kniganam ulmaʃ | knigan oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kniganat ulmaʃ | knigan otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | knigan ulmaʃ | knigan ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kniganːa ulmaʃ | knigan onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kniganda ulmaʃ | knigan odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | knigan ulmaʃ | knigan ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kniga | it kniga |
| 3SG: | knigaʒe | ənʒe kniga |
| 1PL: | (knigana) | (ona/ogəna kniga) |
| 2PL: | knigaza | ida kniga |
| 3PL: | knigaʃt | ənəʃt kniga |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kniganem | ənem kniga |
| 2SG: | kniganet | ənet kniga |
| 3SG: | kniganeʒe | əneʒ kniga |
| 1PL: | kniganena | ənena kniga |
| 2PL: | kniganeda | əneda kniga |
| 3PL: | kniganeʃt | əneʃt kniga |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kniganem əʎe | ənem kniga əʎe |
| 2SG: | kniganena əʎe | ənet kniga əʎe |
| 3SG: | kniganeʒe əʎe | əneʒ kniga əʎe |
| 1PL: | kniganena əʎe | ənena kniga əʎe |
| 2PL: | kniganeda əʎe | əneda kniga əʎe |
| 3PL: | kniganeʃt əʎe | əneʃt kniga əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kniganet ulmaʃ | ənet kniga ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kniganeʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ kniga ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kniganeda ulmaʃ | əneda kniga ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kniganeʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt kniga ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | knigaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | knigaman |
| Active participle: | knigaʃe |
| Passive participle: | knigame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | knigaʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | knigadəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | knigan |
| Negative gerund: | knigade |
| Gerund of prior action: | knigamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | knigameʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | knigaʃəla |
| Nominalization: | knigamaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | knigadəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||