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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kopa |
Genitive: | kopan |
Dative: | kopalan |
Accusative: | kopam |
Comparative: | kopala |
Comitative: | kopage |
Inessive: | kopašte |
Illative: | kopaš(ke) |
Lative: | kopaš |
1SG: | kopam |
2SG: | kopat |
3SG: | kopaž(e) |
1PL: | kopana |
2PL: | kopada |
3PL: | kopašt |
Plural (1): | kopa-βlak |
Plural (2): | kopa-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | kopala |
Sociative Plural: | kopamə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kopam | kopa-βlak | kopa-βlakem, kopam-βlak |
Genitive: | kopamə̑n | kopa-βlakə̑n | kopa-βlakemə̑n, kopam-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | kopamlan, kopalanem | kopa-βlaklan | kopa-βlakemlan, kopam-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kopamə̑m | kopa-βlakə̑m | kopa-βlakemə̑m, kopam-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | kopamla, kopalam | kopa-βlakla | kopa-βlakemla, kopam-βlakla |
Comitative: | kopamge | kopa-βlakge | kopa-βlakemge, kopam-βlakge |
Inessive: | kopaštem | kopa-βlakə̑šte | kopa-βlakə̑štem, kopam-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | kopaškem | kopa-βlakə̑š(ke) | kopa-βlakə̑škem, kopam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | kopašem | kopa-βlakeš | kopa-βlakešem, kopam-βlakeš |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |