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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kostʲumaʃ |
Genitive: | kostʲumaʃən |
Dative: | kostʲumaʃlan |
Accusative: | kostʲumaʃəm |
Comparative: | kostʲumaʃla |
Comitative: | kostʲumaʃge |
Inessive: | kostʲumaʃte, kostʲumaʃəʃte |
Illative: | kostʲumaʃke, kostʲumaʃəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kostʲumaʃeʃ |
1SG: | kostʲumaʃem |
2SG: | kostʲumaʃet |
3SG: | kostʲumaʃːe, kostʲumaʃəʒ(e) |
1PL: | kostʲumaʃna |
2PL: | kostʲumaʃda |
3PL: | kostʲumaʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | kostʲumaʃ-βlak |
Plural (2): | kostʲumaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | kostʲumaʃla |
Sociative Plural: | kostʲumaʃmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kostʲumaʃem | kostʲumaʃ-βlak | kostʲumaʃ-βlakem, kostʲumaʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | kostʲumaʃemən | kostʲumaʃ-βlakən | kostʲumaʃ-βlakemən, kostʲumaʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | kostʲumaʃemlan, kostʲumaʃlanem | kostʲumaʃ-βlaklan | kostʲumaʃ-βlakemlan, kostʲumaʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kostʲumaʃeməm | kostʲumaʃ-βlakəm | kostʲumaʃ-βlakeməm, kostʲumaʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | kostʲumaʃemla, kostʲumaʃlam | kostʲumaʃ-βlakla | kostʲumaʃ-βlakemla, kostʲumaʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | kostʲumaʃemge | kostʲumaʃ-βlakge | kostʲumaʃ-βlakemge, kostʲumaʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | kostʲumaʃtem, kostʲumaʃəʃtem | kostʲumaʃ-βlakəʃte | kostʲumaʃ-βlakəʃtem, kostʲumaʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | kostʲumaʃkem, kostʲumaʃəʃkem | kostʲumaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | kostʲumaʃ-βlakəʃkem, kostʲumaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kostʲumaʃeʃem | kostʲumaʃ-βlakeʃ | kostʲumaʃ-βlakeʃem, kostʲumaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |