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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | krestoβikem | om krestoβik |
| 2SG: | krestoβiket | ot krestoβik |
| 3SG: | krestoβika | ok/ogeš krestoβik |
| 1PL: | krestoβikena | ona/ogə̑na krestoβik |
| 2PL: | krestoβikeda | oda/ogə̑da krestoβik |
| 3PL: | krestoβikat | ogə̑t krestoβik |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | krestoβikə̑šə̑m | šə̑m krestoβik |
| 2SG: | krestoβikə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ krestoβik |
| 3SG: | krestoβikə̑š | ə̑š krestoβik |
| 1PL: | krestoβikə̑šna | ə̑šna krestoβik |
| 2PL: | krestoβikə̑šda | ə̑šda krestoβik |
| 3PL: | krestoβikə̑št | ə̑št krestoβik |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | krestoβikenam | krestoβiken omə̑l |
| 2SG: | krestoβikenat | krestoβiken otə̑l |
| 3SG: | krestoβiken | krestoβiken ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | krestoβikenna | krestoβiken onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | krestoβikenda | krestoβiken odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | krestoβikenə̑t | krestoβiken ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | krestoβikem ə̑l'e | om krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | krestoβiket ə̑l'e | ot krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | krestoβika ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | krestoβikena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | krestoβikeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | krestoβikat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t krestoβik ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | krestoβikem ulmaš | om krestoβik ulmaš |
| 2SG: | krestoβiket ulmaš | ot krestoβik ulmaš |
| 3SG: | krestoβika ulmaš | ok/ogeš krestoβik ulmaš |
| 1PL: | krestoβikena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na krestoβik ulmaš |
| 2PL: | krestoβikeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da krestoβik ulmaš |
| 3PL: | krestoβikat ulmaš | ogə̑t krestoβik ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | krestoβikenam ə̑l'e | krestoβiken omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | krestoβikenat ə̑l'e | krestoβiken otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | krestoβiken ə̑l'e | krestoβiken ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | krestoβikenna ə̑l'e | krestoβiken onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | krestoβikenda ə̑l'e | krestoβiken odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | krestoβiken ə̑l'e | krestoβiken ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | krestoβikenam ulmaš | krestoβiken omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | krestoβikenat ulmaš | krestoβiken otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | krestoβiken ulmaš | krestoβiken ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | krestoβikenna ulmaš | krestoβiken onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | krestoβikenda ulmaš | krestoβiken odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | krestoβiken ulmaš | krestoβiken ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | krestoβik | it krestoβik |
| 3SG: | krestoβikše | ə̑nže krestoβik |
| 1PL: | (krestoβikena) | (ona/ogə̑na krestoβik) |
| 2PL: | krestoβiksa | ida krestoβik |
| 3PL: | krestoβikə̑št | ə̑nə̑št krestoβik |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | krestoβiknem | ə̑nem krestoβik |
| 2SG: | krestoβiknet | ə̑net krestoβik |
| 3SG: | krestoβikneže | ə̑než krestoβik |
| 1PL: | krestoβiknena | ə̑nena krestoβik |
| 2PL: | krestoβikneda | ə̑neda krestoβik |
| 3PL: | krestoβiknešt | ə̑nešt krestoβik |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | krestoβiknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | krestoβiknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | krestoβikneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | krestoβiknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | krestoβikneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda krestoβik ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | krestoβiknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt krestoβik ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | krestoβiknet ulmaš | ə̑net krestoβik ulmaš |
| 3SG: | krestoβikneže ulmaš | ə̑než krestoβik ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | krestoβikneda ulmaš | ə̑neda krestoβik ulmaš |
| 3PL: | krestoβiknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt krestoβik ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | krestoβikaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | krestoβikman |
| Active participle: | krestoβikše |
| Passive participle: | krestoβikme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | krestoβikšaš |
| Negative participle: | krestoβikdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | krestoβiken |
| Negative gerund: | krestoβikde |
| Gerund of prior action: | krestoβikmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | krestoβikmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | krestoβikšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | krestoβikmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | krestoβikdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||