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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumem | om kum |
| 2SG: | kumet | ot kum |
| 3SG: | kuma | ok/ogeš kum |
| 1PL: | kumena | ona/ogə̑na kum |
| 2PL: | kumeda | oda/ogə̑da kum |
| 3PL: | kumat | ogə̑t kum |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kum |
| 2SG: | kumə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kum |
| 3SG: | kumə̑š | ə̑š kum |
| 1PL: | kumə̑šna | ə̑šna kum |
| 2PL: | kumə̑šda | ə̑šda kum |
| 3PL: | kumə̑št | ə̑št kum |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumenam | kumen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kumenat | kumen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kumen | kumen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kumenna | kumen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kumenda | kumen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kumenə̑t | kumen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumem ə̑l'e | om kum ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kumet ə̑l'e | ot kum ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuma ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kum ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kumena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kum ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kumeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kum ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kumat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kum ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumem ulmaš | om kum ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kumet ulmaš | ot kum ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuma ulmaš | ok/ogeš kum ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kumena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kum ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kumeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kum ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kumat ulmaš | ogə̑t kum ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumenam ə̑l'e | kumen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kumenat ə̑l'e | kumen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kumen ə̑l'e | kumen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kumenna ə̑l'e | kumen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kumenda ə̑l'e | kumen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kumen ə̑l'e | kumen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumenam ulmaš | kumen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kumenat ulmaš | kumen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kumen ulmaš | kumen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kumenna ulmaš | kumen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kumenda ulmaš | kumen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kumen ulmaš | kumen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kum | it kum |
| 3SG: | kumžo | ə̑nže kum |
| 1PL: | (kumena) | (ona/ogə̑na kum) |
| 2PL: | kumza | ida kum |
| 3PL: | kumə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kum |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumnem | ə̑nem kum |
| 2SG: | kumnet | ə̑net kum |
| 3SG: | kumneže | ə̑než kum |
| 1PL: | kumnena | ə̑nena kum |
| 2PL: | kumneda | ə̑neda kum |
| 3PL: | kumnešt | ə̑nešt kum |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kumnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kum ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kumnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kum ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kumneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kum ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kumnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kum ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kumneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kum ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kumnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kum ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kumnet ulmaš | ə̑net kum ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kumneže ulmaš | ə̑než kum ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kumneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kum ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kumnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kum ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kumaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kumman |
| Active participle: | kumšo |
| Passive participle: | kummo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kumšaš |
| Negative participle: | kumdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kumen |
| Negative gerund: | kumde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kummek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kummeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kumšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kummaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kumdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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