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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kəl |
Genitive: | kələn |
Dative: | kəlːan |
Accusative: | kələm |
Comparative: | kəlːa |
Comitative: | kəlge |
Inessive: | kələʃte |
Illative: | kələʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kəleʃ |
1SG: | kəlem |
2SG: | kəlet |
3SG: | kəlʒe |
1PL: | kəlna |
2PL: | kəlda |
3PL: | kələʃt |
Plural (1): | kəl-βlak |
Plural (2): | kəl-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | kəlːa |
Sociative Plural: | kəlmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kəlem | kəl-βlak | kəl-βlakem, kəlem-βlak |
Genitive: | kəlemən | kəl-βlakən | kəl-βlakemən, kəlem-βlakən |
Dative: | kəlemlan, kəlːanem | kəl-βlaklan | kəl-βlakemlan, kəlem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kəleməm | kəl-βlakəm | kəl-βlakeməm, kəlem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | kəlemla, kəlːam | kəl-βlakla | kəl-βlakemla, kəlem-βlakla |
Comitative: | kəlemge | kəl-βlakge | kəl-βlakemge, kəlem-βlakge |
Inessive: | kələʃtem | kəl-βlakəʃte | kəl-βlakəʃtem, kəlem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | kələʃkem | kəl-βlakəʃ(ke) | kəl-βlakəʃkem, kəlem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kəleʃem | kəl-βlakeʃ | kəl-βlakeʃem, kəlem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |