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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | lapkam | om lapka |
| 2SG: | lapkat | ot lapka |
| 3SG: | lapka | ok/ogeš lapka |
| 1PL: | lapkana | ona/ogə̑na lapka |
| 2PL: | lapkada | oda/ogə̑da lapka |
| 3PL: | lapkat | ogə̑t lapka |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | lapkašə̑m | šə̑m lapka |
| 2SG: | lapkašə̑č́ | šə̑č́ lapka |
| 3SG: | lapkaš | ə̑š lapka |
| 1PL: | lapkašna | ə̑šna lapka |
| 2PL: | lapkašda | ə̑šda lapka |
| 3PL: | lapkašt | ə̑št lapka |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | lapkanam | lapkan omə̑l |
| 2SG: | lapkanat | lapkan otə̑l |
| 3SG: | lapkan | lapkan ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | lapkanna | lapkan onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | lapkanda | lapkan odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | lapkanə̑t | lapkan ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | lapkam ə̑l'e | om lapka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | lapkat ə̑l'e | ot lapka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | lapka ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš lapka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | lapkana ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na lapka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | lapkada ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da lapka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | lapkat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t lapka ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | lapkam ulmaš | om lapka ulmaš |
| 2SG: | lapkat ulmaš | ot lapka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | lapka ulmaš | ok/ogeš lapka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | lapkana ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na lapka ulmaš |
| 2PL: | lapkada ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da lapka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | lapkat ulmaš | ogə̑t lapka ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | lapkanam ə̑l'e | lapkan omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | lapkanat ə̑l'e | lapkan otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | lapkan ə̑l'e | lapkan ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | lapkanna ə̑l'e | lapkan onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | lapkanda ə̑l'e | lapkan odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | lapkan ə̑l'e | lapkan ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | lapkanam ulmaš | lapkan omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | lapkanat ulmaš | lapkan otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | lapkan ulmaš | lapkan ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | lapkanna ulmaš | lapkan onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | lapkanda ulmaš | lapkan odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | lapkan ulmaš | lapkan ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | lapka | it lapka |
| 3SG: | lapkaže | ə̑nže lapka |
| 1PL: | (lapkana) | (ona/ogə̑na lapka) |
| 2PL: | lapkaza | ida lapka |
| 3PL: | lapkašt | ə̑nə̑št lapka |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | lapkanem | ə̑nem lapka |
| 2SG: | lapkanet | ə̑net lapka |
| 3SG: | lapkaneže | ə̑než lapka |
| 1PL: | lapkanena | ə̑nena lapka |
| 2PL: | lapkaneda | ə̑neda lapka |
| 3PL: | lapkanešt | ə̑nešt lapka |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | lapkanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem lapka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | lapkanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net lapka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | lapkaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než lapka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | lapkanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena lapka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | lapkaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda lapka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | lapkanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt lapka ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | lapkanet ulmaš | ə̑net lapka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | lapkaneže ulmaš | ə̑než lapka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | lapkaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda lapka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | lapkanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt lapka ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | lapkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | lapkaman |
| Active participle: | lapkaše |
| Passive participle: | lapkame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | lapkašaš |
| Negative participle: | lapkadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | lapkan |
| Negative gerund: | lapkade |
| Gerund of prior action: | lapkamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | lapkameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | lapkašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | lapkamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | lapkadə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||